黄麻纤维/聚酯纤维复合材料的阻燃改性  

Flame retarded modification of jute fiber/polyester fiber composites

作　　者：胡晓兰[1,2] 兰茜[1] 代少伟[1] 潘州[1] 刘国忠[2] 张熙明[2] 陈红武[2] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学材料学院福建省防火阻燃材料重点实验室,厦门361005 [2]江苏紫荆花纺织科技股份有限公司苏州摩维天然纤维材料有限公司,江苏常熟215505

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2017年第4期922-931,共10页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51103121;51203144);福建省自然科学基金(2015J01222);福建省科技创新平台建设计划(2014H2006);江苏省博士后科研资助计划(1402085B);常熟市科技发展计划成果转化专项项目(C2014C2)

摘　　要：应用两种水性磷系阻燃剂——磷酸铵类阻燃剂(DAG-50)和磷酸酯类阻燃剂(DAG-80)及其复配阻燃剂对天然黄麻纤维进行阻燃改性,并与皮芯结构聚酯纤维制备成黄麻纤维/聚酯纤维复合材料,通过燃烧测试、SEM、红外、热失重、热失重-红外联用等技术分析了此两种阻燃剂及复配阻燃剂对黄麻纤维及其黄麻纤维/聚酯纤维复合材料的阻燃效果及阻燃机制,并筛选出适合黄麻纤维/聚酯纤维复合材料产业化的阻燃改性配方。结果表明,阻燃剂DAG-50阻燃改性效果良好,但容易析出于黄麻纤维表面。阻燃剂DAG-80能较为均匀地包覆在黄麻纤维表面,阻燃改性效果好,但其价格较高。DAG-50与DAG-80形成的复配阻燃剂,阻燃效果好,既避免了单独使用DAG-50时阻燃剂易析出问题,且复配阻燃剂接近中性,避免设备腐蚀。综合考虑成本与阻燃性能,使用DAG-50与DAG-80复配阻燃剂比例为2∶1且浓度为55wt%时,可达到黄麻纤维/聚酯纤维复合材料B1级阻燃。Two kinds of water-based phosphorus flame retardants,DAG-50 and DAG-80,and their compound flame retardants were applied to modify the natural jute fibers.A novel type of jute fiber/polyester fiber composites was prepared by the hot-press method using the flame retarded jute fibers and polyester fibers with skin-core structure as raw material.The flame retarded effects and mechanism of these flame retardants were studied by combustion tests,SEM,FTIR,TGA and TGA-FTIR.Meanwhile,the flame retardant formula which is suitable for the industrialization of the jute fiber/polyester fiber composites was also screened out.The results show that DAG-50 presents good flame retardancy,but easily precipitates out on the surface of jute fibers.DAG-80 can coat uniformly on the surface of jute fibers with better flame retardancy,but it has much higher price than DAG-50.The compound flame retardant prepared by DAG-50 and DAG-80 shows excellent flame retardancy towards jute fibers.It is nearly neutral and can avoid the corrosion of equipment and overcome the problem of precipitating out when using DAG-50 alone.Considering cost and flame retardancy,the 55wt% compound flame retardant made up of DAG-50 and DAG-80 with the ratio of 2∶1can achieve flame retardant composites with B1 rank.

关 键 词：黄麻纤维 聚酯纤维 复合材料 阻燃改性 磷系阻燃剂 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]