活性污泥运转效能的生物监测  

BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE ACTIVITY

作　　者：陈声贵[1] 许木启[1] 曹宏[1] 杨向平[2] 甘一萍[2] 翟家骥[2] 刘伟岩[2] 邵永怡[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080 [2]北京城市排水公司,北京100022

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2002年第4期438-442,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (No .30 1 70 1 59;39970 1 38);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目 (KSCX2 SW 1 0 2 );国家自然科学基金重点项目 (No .39730 0 70 );中国科学院知识创新工程领域前沿项目;中国科学院院长择扰基金的部分研究内容~~

摘　　要：讨论了θ/℃、pH、ρ(BOD) /mgL-1、ρ(COD) /mgL-1、ρ(SS) /mgL-1、ρ(N) /mgL-1、ρ(P) /mgL-1、w(Cu2 + ) /10 -6等几个影响活性污泥状况的理化因素 ,认为必须调节均化进水的水质水量 ,并调控污泥龄、回流比、曝气量等各种运行参数 .分析了活性污泥的生理、生化监测法及运用细菌、藻类、原生动物、后生动物所进行的生物监测 ,提出通过监测原生动物群落动态是判断活性污泥运行效能的一种较简便准确的方法 .比较了斑点杂交法 (dotblothybridization)、最大机率法 (mostprobablenumbermethods,MPNM)、抗体 (antibody)法和荧光原位杂交 (fluorescentinsituhybridization ,FISH)法检测氨氧化菌 (ammonia oxidizingbacteria)数量的效果 ,表明斑点杂交法具有高的准确度 ,并能检测出较低密度的细菌 ,MPNM低估了细菌数量 ,抗体法有高估细菌数的可能 ,FISH法对氨氮含量高的活性污泥混合液检测结果较好 ,但对低氨氮含量污水厂出水和河水的检测效果不佳 .参 4The activity of activated sludge is affected by several factors including temperature, pH, ρ (BOD) /mg L -1 , ρ (COD)/mg L -1 , ρ (SS)/mg L -1 , ρ (N)/mg L -1 , ρ (P)/mg L -1 and toxic pollutants. It is necessary to regulate the influent and control processes. The applications of OUR, ATP, dehydrogenase, bacteria, algae, protozoa and metazoan to monitor the activity of activated sludge were discussed, respectively. It was pointed out that monitoring the community of protozoa was one of the successful methods. MPNM, antibody, fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH)and dot blot hybridization methods for enumeration of ammonia oxidizing bacteria were applied to various samples from activated sludge mixed liquor. Dot blot hybridization had low detection limit and high reliability. FISH could be successfully applied to high ammonium loading system, but it caused problems when applied to low ammonium loading systems. Ref 46

关 键 词：活性污泥 运转效能 生物监测 污水处理 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]