政府-企业间人才配置与经济增长——基于中国地级市数据的经验研究  

Government-Enterprise Talent Allocation and Economic Growth:An Empirical Study Based on China's City Data

作　　者：李世刚[1] 尹恒[2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学国际金融学院 [2]中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院

出　　处：《经济研究》2017年第4期78-91,共14页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71673305;71373026);中国博士后科学基金(2016M592437)的资助

摘　　要：理论上,企业和政府部门通过直接参与生产或提供公共服务都能对经济增长产生积极影响。在全社会总人力资本水平给定的情况下,人力资本在政府和企业部门间存在一个最优的配置比例。偏离这一最优比例,配置到政府部门的人力资本越多,经济增长率将越低。本文利用2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据中政府与企业雇员的平均受教育年限之比,度量一个地区的人才配置状况,对中国地级市2001—2010年间长期经济增长率的经验研究显示:政府-企业间人力资本差异越高的地区,经济增长率越低。各种敏感性分析表明,这一结果十分稳健。这表明大量优秀的人才配置到政府部门,确实有损经济增长。本文的政策含义十分明显,即政府应该创造更好的政策环境,引导更多优秀的人才进入企业,而非政府部门就业。The Chinese economy has entered the ＂new normal＂. It is widely believed that the driving force of the economy in this new era should be innovation instead of factories and investment. To realize this transformation, the human capital level must be improved and allocation efficiency must be optimized. However, China＇s human capital level is currently extremely low. In 2010, the average years of education of people above 15 was only 7.5, while it was 13.2 in the USA and 11.6 in Japan. Furthermore, China＇s limited human capital is misallocated, as a great deal of outstanding talent is allocated to the government. In 2005, the average number of years of government employees＇ education was 12.73, much higher than that of enterprise employees （9.31）. Given this background, this paper tries to answer the following question： what is the effect of talent allocation between the government and enterprises on economic growth in China？ All of the literature on the relationship between China＇s government-enterprise talent allocation and economic growth is descriptive. For example, Wu ＆ Huang （2008） argue that since 1995, the government has strengthened administrative intervention in many areas, such as land and the financial market, while failing to provide the prerequisite environment for the rule of law in a timely manner. Zhang et al. （2010） argue that China＇s economic miracle over the past three decades can be attributed to the reallocation of entrepreneurial talent from the government and agricultural sectors to business activities. In contrast to these studies, in this paper, we provide empirical evidence to answer this question. Before conducting the empirical regression, we construct a theoretical model to demonstrate the possible effect of talent allocation between the government and enterprises on economic growth and its mechanism. In this model, the source of economic growth is innovation, and the source of innovation is the human capital allocated to enterprises. Human capital in g

关 键 词：政府与企业 人才配置 经济增长 

分 类 号：C964.2[经济管理—人力资源管理] F124