大气二氧化碳浓度变化对禾谷缢管蚜种群动态的影响  

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentrations on population dynamics of the wheat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi(L.)

作　　者：张钧[1] 杨惠敏[1] 林久生[1] 王根轩[1] 王亚馥[1] 王静[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学干旱农业生态国家重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2002年第4期477-481,共5页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (3 9770 44 7);国家重点基础研究专项经费资助项目 (G19990 1170 5 )

摘　　要：利用开顶式熏气室研究了大气CO2 浓度和土壤水分对禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphumpadi (L .)种群动态的影响 ,并分析了禾谷缢管蚜密度与被处理小麦叶片化学成分的关系。结果表明 :(1)禾谷缢管蚜种群密度随CO2 浓度升高而持续增大并与土壤水分密切相关 ,各CO2 浓度下均以 6 0 %田间持水量时的密度最大 ;(2 )CO2 和土壤水分对小麦叶片化学成分有明显的影响 ,麦叶水分、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉含量随CO2 浓度和土壤水分含量上升而增加 ,纤维素含量随CO2 浓度上升而增加、随土壤水分含量上升而降低 ,单宁、丁布 (DIMBOA)含量在CO2 浓度为 5 5 0 μl L时最高 ,但单宁含量随土壤水分上升而增加 ,丁布含量在 6 0 %田间持水量时最低 ;(3)禾谷缢管蚜密度与叶片水分、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉含量呈正相关 ,与丁布、单宁含量呈负相关。结论 :在未来的气候条件下 ,随着CO2 浓度升高禾谷缢管蚜种群可能会持续增长 ,这种增长在半干旱区更加突出。禾谷缢管蚜种群增长的原因之一是大气CO2 和土壤水分条件改变了植物的化学成分构成。Effects of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations (350, 550 and 700 μl/L) and soil water levels (40%, 60% and 80% field water capacities, FWC) on the population dynamics of the wheat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) feeding on spring wheat were examined in open topped field chambers. Results showed that: (1) Aphid density increased significantly with rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, the highest density occurring on wheat grown at 700 μl/L CO 2 and 60% FWC treatment; (2) Atmospheric CO 2 concentration and soil water level had significant effects on chemical components in the wheat foliage: water, soluble proteins, soluble carbohydrates, starch and tannin increased with the rising atmospheric CO 2 and FWC. Content of DIMBOA (2,4 dihydroxy 7 methoxy 1,4 benzoxazin 3 one) increased as atmospheric the CO 2 concentration rose with the lowest DIMBOA content occurring in the 60% FWC treatment; (3) Aphid density was positively correlated with the contents of water, soluble proteins, soluble carbohydrates and starch, and negatively correlated with the contents of DIMBOA and tannin, in foliage of treated wheat. These results suggest that aphid populations will grow more rapidly in future climate conditions, especially in semiarid areas since increasing CO 2 and changes in soil moisture will alter the chemical composition of host plants.

关 键 词：大气二氧化磷浓度变化 禾谷缢管蚜 种群动态 土壤水分含量 小麦 叶片化学成分 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学] S433.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]