养殖密度对卵形鲳鲹离岸大型抗风浪网箱养殖效果的影响  

Effect of Stocking Density on Aquaculture of Trachinotus ovatus in Off-shore Cage

作　　者：王小兵[1,2] 林川[3,2] 杨湘勤 黄海 

机构地区：[1]海南大学海洋学院,海口570228 [2]海南临高海丰养殖发展有限公司,海口570206 [3]海南省农业学校,海口571100

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2017年第1期1-6,共6页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：海南省重大科技项目(ZDKJ2016011)

摘　　要：在海南临高后水湾海域的抗风浪网箱养殖基地,采用60 m周长的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)圆形双浮式抗风浪网箱,分别设置40,45,50,55,60尾·m^(-3)水体5个密度梯度养殖卵形鲳鲹,研究了养殖密度对大型网箱养殖卵形鲳鲹养殖效果的影响。结果表明,在40~50尾·m^(-3)密度范围内,养殖密度对成活率和利润率影响不明显(P>0.05),成活率高达80%以上,利润率也达到了45%以上,而后,随密度增加均显著降低;饵料系数随密度增加而升高,最低40尾·m^(-3)组(1.72),最高60尾·m^(-3)组(1.93);商品鱼a级比率随密度增加而下降,b,c级则上升;单位成本在40~45尾·m^(-3)间随密度增加而下降(P<0.05),之后呈现上升趋势(P<0.01),最高为60尾·m^(-3)(18.08元·kg^(-1)),最低为45尾·m^(-3)(16.43元·kg^(-1));利润在40~50尾·m^(-3)间随密度增大而增加(P<0.01),而在50~60尾·m^(-3)间随密度增大快速下降(P<0.01),最高利润为50尾·m^(-3),高达185.49元·m^(-3),最低为60尾·m^(-3),仅123.85元·m^(-3)。因此,为了控制养殖风险,获得最好的经济效益,建议养殖密度控制在45~50尾·m^(-3)水体。Trachinotus ovatus was cuhured at 5 stocking densities, e. g. 40, 45,50, 55, 60 fishes/cubic meters in the HDPE circular double-buoy anti-wave net cages 60 m long in perimeter in the anti-wave net cage aquaculture sites around the waters of Houshuiwan Gulf, Lingao, Hainan, China to study the effect of stocking density on aquaculture of T. ovatus in the large net cage. The results showed that the influence of stocking density on survival rate and profit margin was not obvious in the density range of 40 - 50 fish · m-3 （p 〉 0.05 ）. At this density range T. ovatus had a survival rate of more than 80% and a profit margin of above 45%. The feed coefficient increased with the stocking density, and was the highest （1.93） in the 60 fish · m-3 group and the lowest （1.72） in the 40 fish · m-3 group. The percentage of Grade A fish decreased with an increase in stocking density but that of the fish in Grades B, C increased. The cost of the fish farming at the range of 40 -50fish · m-3 decreased with an increase in stocking density （P 〈 0.05 ） and then tended to increase （ P 〈 0.01 ） at higher stocking densities, the highest cost being in the 60 fish · m-3 group （18.08 yuan · kg-1） and the lowest being in the 50 fish · m-3 group （16.43yuan · kg-1）. The profits of the fish aquaculture increased with the stocking density at the stocking density range of 40 - 50 fish · m-3 （p 〈 0.01 ） but decreased rapidly with the stocking density at the range of 50 -60 fish · m-3（ p 〈 0.01 ）. The highest profit was in the stocking density of 50 fish · -3 （ 185.49 yuan kg-1 ） and the lowest in the stocking density of 60 fish · m-3 （ 123.85 yuan · kg -1 ）. It is m hence recommended to farm T. ovatus at the stocking density range of 45 -50 fishs · m-3 to produce optimal economic returns and less risk in fish aquaculture.

关 键 词：卵形鲳鲹 成活率 养殖密度 利润率 养殖成本 

分 类 号：S962.32[农业科学—水产养殖]