极地冰川底部微生物多样性及其对气候变化响应的研究概况与前景  

PROGRESS OF DIVERSITY OF ECOSYSTEMS BENEATH POLAR GLACIERS AND THEIR RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

作　　者：马红梅[1] 闫文凯[2] 程永前[3] 张宇[2] 肖湘[2] 史贵涛[1] 孙波[1] 李院生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国极地研究中心,国家海洋局极地科学重点实验室,上海200136 [2]上海交通大学生命科学技术学院,上海200240 [3]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《极地研究》2017年第1期1-10,共10页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41276202);南北极环境综合考察与评估专项(CHINARE2016-02-02);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2011AA090401)资助

摘　　要：极地冰盖/冰川底部微生物的生命形态特征及其适应机制研究是当前最前沿的方向之一。越来越多的研究表明:极地冰盖/冰川底部存在液态水和有机质,可以为微生物生存提供生境。此外,微生物参与冰盖/冰川底部地球化学风化过程,对受气候变化驱使的环境变化尤为敏感。围绕着极地冰川底部微生物多样性及其对气候变化响应的研究主题,重点介绍极地冰川底部微生物的生命形态特征、可能来源、所参与的地球化学反应机制以及与C、N循环的相互作用。旨在为未来关于冰川底部的研究提供参考。Investigation of the characteristics and adaptive strategies of life beneath ice sheets and glaciers is at the forefront of polar research. Many studies have reported that liquid water and organic matter coexist in subglacial regions, providing a suitable microbial habitat. Furthermore, the presence of microbes beneath polar glaciers can modulate geochemical weathering processes, although this is likely to be affected by climate-forced environmental changes. Considering the diversity of ecosystems beneath polar glaciers and their responses to climate change, this study elucidated the microbial characteristics, their possible origins, the mechanisms of the biogeochemical processes occurring beneath polar glaciers, and the influences of subglacial microbial life on the C and N cycles. The objective was to provide a reference resource for future subglacial research.

关 键 词：极地冰盖/冰川底部 生命形态 地球化学风化 气候变化 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学] P343.6[天文地球—水文科学] P467[天文地球—地球物理学]