绝经前后女性体型变化及相关因素分析  

Analysis of related factors and women's somatotype changes before and after menopause

作　　者：齐艳红[1,2] 温有锋 

机构地区：[1]锦州医科大学生物人类学研究所 [2]解放军205医院优生优育中心,锦州121001

出　　处：《解剖学杂志》2017年第2期205-208,共4页Chinese Journal of Anatomy

基　　金：辽宁省高等学校优秀人才计划(LJQ2012076)

摘　　要：目的:了解绝经前后女性体型变化情况及其影响因素,为老年女性疾病防治提供参考。方法:采用Heath-Carter体型法对锦州市区40~65岁汉族女性382名进行体型测评。结果:绝经前后女性平均体型值为6.45-2,97-1.39,属于偏中胚层的内胚层体型,进入绝经期后妇女内因子、腰臀比呈先上升后下降趋势,中因子和体脂率呈上升趋势,外因子呈下降趋势。随着生育次数增加,内因子值、体脂率逐渐下降,中因子值逐渐升高,组间比较差异存在统计学意义。运动组内因子、腰臀比和体脂率比非运动组明显低,中因子和外因子比非运动组明显高。合并疾病组内因子、中因子、腰臀比低于未合并疾病组,但前者中因子明显高于后者。结论:绝经后女性体型发生较大变化,主要表现为进入绝经期后女性脂肪含量升高,肌肉发达,线性度明显降低,体质量和体脂显著上升,生育情况、运动情况和合并代谢疾病会对绝经后妇女体型变化产生影响。Objective： To understand the situation of women＇s somatotype changes and its influencing factors before and after menopause. Methods： Heath-Carter method was used to analyze 382 cases of women＇s somatotype changes and its influencing factors before and after menopause in Jinzhou city. Results： The average somatotype size of women before and after menopause was 6.45-2.97-1. 39, which belonged to the mesomorphic endomorphy. Endomorphy and mesomorphy rose, ectomorphy decreased, and body weight, HWR and body fat increased after menopause. The data was statistically different. With the increase in the number of birth, the endomorphy and mesomorphy rose, ectomorphy decreased, and body weight, HWR and body fat increased. The data were statistically significant difference. In regular exercise women, endomorphy and mesomorphy rose, percentage of body fat decreased, with a significant difference between groups. Conclusion： Postmenopausal women＇s somatotype is sharply changed, the content of fat is increased, the muscle is developed, and the linearity is obviously decreased. Body weight and body fat increase significantly. Fertility and exercise would impact the changes of somatotype in postmenopausal women.

关 键 词：绝经期 妇女 HEATH-CARTER体型法 影响因素 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]