微藻育种研究进展  

Research progress on microalgae breeding

作　　者：范勇[1] 胡光荣[1] 王丽娟[1] 李福利[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生物燃料重点实验室青岛市单细胞油脂工程实验室中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所,青岛266001

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2017年第2期3-8,35,共7页Journal of Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-大科学装置联合基金(U1232126);国家自然基金-青年科学基金项目(31602154);国家高科技研究发展计划(863计划;2014AA022003)

摘　　要：微藻是一种单细胞光合自养生物,作为初级生产者,在自然界中广泛存在。半个世纪以来,微藻已经应用于食品药品、可再生能源生产及生态环境保护等方面。为了得到性状更为优良的藻种,针对微藻育种的相关技术也在加速发展。微藻育种主要包括种质获取和表型检测两个方面,通过3种途径:自然选育,诱变育种和基因工程育种。随着产业开发的需要,多种先进的育种手段引入微藻育种中,包含CRISPR在内的多种基因编辑手段也逐步在微藻中进行了尝试。基于微藻光合系统,天然产物光谱和荧光标记等高通量筛选手段也帮助微藻育种的进一步发展。对上述微藻育种方案和技术路线进行综述,并对今后微藻育种的方向进行探讨。Microalgae is a unicellular photosynthetic autotrophic organism that widely distributes in nature as a primary producer. For half a century,microalgae has been used in food and medicine,renewable energy production,environmental protection and so on. In order to improve productivity or robustness,microalgae breeding technology has been developed significantly. The breeding of microalgae mainly includes two aspects： mutant acquisition and phenotypic detection. The mutants can be obtained through three ways： natural breeding,mutation breeding,and genetic engineering breeding. A variety of advanced breeding methods,including gene editing method CRISPR,have been gradually adopted in microalgae. High-throughput screening based on microalgae photosynthetic system,natural product spectra,and fluorescent labelling greatly facilitate the development of microalgae breeding. In this paper,microalgae breeding technologies are reviewed,and the future direction of microalgae breeding is discussed.

关 键 词：微藻产业化 诱变育种 高通量筛选 光谱学分析 

分 类 号：S968.4[农业科学—水产养殖] Q949.2[农业科学—水产科学]