贵州高原喀斯特流域浅层地下水化学特征及质量评价——以普定后寨河为例  

Chemical characteristics and quality evaluation of shallow groundwater in a typical karst plateau basin of Guizhou province:A case study of Houzhai river in Puding county

作　　者：郭琴[1] 龙健[1] 廖洪凯[1] 李娟[2] 刘灵飞[1] 卢怡[1] 姚斌[3] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境重点实验室,贵阳550001 [2]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳550001 [3]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《环境化学》2017年第4期858-866,共9页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41461072;31360121;31460133);贵州省国际合作项目(黔科合区域合[2014]7003号);贵州省科技厅-贵州师范大学联合基金(黔科合J字LKS[2012]25号);贵州师范大学博士研究项目资助~~

摘　　要：为研究贵州典型喀斯特流域浅层地下水化学特征及水质状况,于2015年5月—12月对贵州普定后寨河流域进行现场调查并采集浅层地下水样品28个,测定K^+、Na^+、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、HCO_3^-、NO_3^--N、NH_4^+-N等20种指标,利用Duncan差异显著性检验法进行水化学特征分析,用水质质量综合评价法对水质进行评价.结果表明,浅层地下水呈微碱性,主要阴离子为HCO_3^-、SO_4^(2-)、Cl^-,主要阳离子为Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+).从季节变化来看,Cl^-、SO_4^(2-)、K^+、TN是春季>夏季>秋季,在冬季时其含量升高,HCO_3^-是春季≈夏季<秋季<冬季.NO_3^--N是夏季<春季<秋季<冬季.Na^+、Mg^(2+)是秋季和冬季较低.pH、NH_4^+-N是春季和秋季较低,4个季节中呈"N"型分布,可见,在喀斯特山区浅层地下水具有明显的季节变化特征.水质综合评价表明,在喀斯特山区秋、冬季节水质较春、夏季节好,总体质量较好.而从单项组分来看,部分地区有的指标已超过Ⅳ类水的限值,主要是总Fe和NH_4^+-N质量浓度较高影响水质.总Fe的最高质量浓度为1.2948 mg·L^(-1),NH_4^+-N的最高质量浓度为0.71 mg·L^(-1),这与当地人类生产生活活动有关,对浅层地下水质量具有潜在的影响.综上,研究贵州高原喀斯特流域浅层地下水化学特征及水质,可为喀斯特山区水资源的保护和管理提供科学依据.In order to investigate the shallow groundwater quality and chemistrical characteristics in karst basin,twenty-eight shallow groundwater samples were collected from May to December in 2015 in Houzhai river basin,Puding county of Guizhou Province. Twenty indicators were determinedseasonally including K＋,Na＋,Ca2＋,Mg2＋,HCO3-,NO3--N,NH4＋-N,and so on. Duncan method was employed to analyze the water chemistry features,and comprehensive evaluation methods of water quality was applied to evaluate the quality of water. The results showed that the shallow groundwater was slightly alkaline. The main anions were HCO3-,SO42-,and Cl-,and main cations were Ca2＋and Mg2＋. Seasonal changes of Cl-,SO42-,K＋,and TN followed the order of spring 〉summer〉autumn,but their contents increased during winter. The dynamics of HCO3-was in the order of spring ≈summer 〈autumn 〈 winter,and NO3--N was summer 〈 spring 〈 autumn 〈 winter. The contents of Na＋,Mg2＋were lower in autumn and winter. The contents of p H,NH4＋-N were lower in spring and autumn,and presented＂N ＂type distribution from spring to winter. Hence,shallow groundwater has strong seasonal variation in karst mountainous area. Comprehensive evaluation of water quality showed that water quality in the autumn and winter seasons were better than spring and summer,and the overall water quality was good for all seasons. However,single water quality analysis suggested that specific water indicator exceeded the limit value of IV water in some sampling sites,which was mainly attributed to the high Fe and NH4＋-N concentrations. The highest concentration of Fe was1.2948 mg·L-1,and the highest concentration of NH4＋-N was 0. 71 mg · L-1. These high concentrations may be related to the human activities,which has a potential impact on the quality of shallow groundwater.

关 键 词：浅层地下水 喀斯特山区 水化学特征 水质 

分 类 号：P641.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] X824[天文地球—地质学]