崛起的代价:16～18世纪英国森林的变迁  

Cost of Rise:Forest Evolution in Britain from 16th to 18th Century

作　　者：李鸿美[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心,天津300371

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2017年第4期15-21,共7页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"环境史及其对史学的创新研究"(项目批准号:16ZDA122)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：16~18世纪是英国经济社会转型的重要时期,是英国崛起的开端,然而其森林覆盖率却不断下滑。这一局面的出现不仅是经济发展的结果,也暴露出深层次的政治问题和文化观念问题,是经济、政治、文化等诸多因素共同作用的结果。政府的政策导向以及进步观念影响下征服森林的主流价值观对英国的森林破坏负有不可推卸的责任。为了应对森林滥伐导致的木材短缺,英国一方面将木材压力转嫁给各殖民地,另一方面提倡植树造林,森林保护思想开始萌芽。From 16th to lSth century British society and economy went through great transformation. Britain began to rise during this period, but forest coverage was in decline. It was not only the result of economic development, but also was attributed to political and cultural factors. Forest evolution was influenced by economy, politics and culture together. Deforestation in Britain should be attributed to governmental policy and values of conquering forest under the influence of idea of progress. With timber scarcity caused by deforestation, Britain transferred wood stress to colonies, and also advocated afforestation. Forest conservation began to sprout from then on.

关 键 词：王室森林 森林破坏 资源保护 

分 类 号：K561[历史地理—历史学]