海口与内河:鸦片战争期间清廷的水文调查及影响  

Seaport and River:The Qing Government Hydrological Survey During the Opium War

作　　者：王涛[1] 李诗媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院历史系,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2017年第4期43-49,共7页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"清中叶英国在南海的地图测绘及其影响研究(1780-1820)"(项目编号:15CZS015)阶段性成果

摘　　要：鸦片战争期间,清廷对中国沿海的地理形势、海岸特点以及海洋水文要素展开大规模调查,据此掌握海防知识,用以指引海防部署,涉及范围北至奉天,南及广东,其调查结果的精确度较高。但清廷奉行守海口战略,也不了解英军的军事实力和战略战术,水文调查结果反而令其误判英军的进攻方向,将主要海防力量部署在缺少礁浅沙线的海口,疏忽了对许多浅狭的海口、水道和内河的防范,这使英军利用海军攻击正面和陆军抄袭侧后的战术屡试不爽。对水文调查结果的错误应用,也是鸦片战争失败的重要原因。The Qing government conducted large scale investigation for the coastal geographical, coastal geographical features and marine hydrology factors during the Opium war, grasping coastal defense geographic knowledge accordingly, applied to guide coastal defense. Its range from Mukden to Canton, the result to achieve a higher level. But the Qing government pursued the defense of seaport strategy and not familiar with military power and strategy of British. The hydrological survey made them erroneous judge the attack direction of British, thus the main force deployed wide and deep seaport, neglected the defense of shallow narrow water areas, this made the British often use naval attacked positive and army embrace rear side. The wrong application of hydrological survey result is the cause of Opium War failure.

关 键 词：鸦片战争 清廷 沿海地区 水文调查 

分 类 号：E295[军事—军事理论] K252[历史地理—历史学]