中国中小学女生月经初潮年龄和月经模式调查分析  

Age at menarche and menstrual cycle pattern among school adolescent girls in China

作　　者：罗珊[1] 廉启国[2] 毛燕燕[2] 靳松[1] 周维谨[2] 张树成 李尚为[1] Luo Shan Lian Qiguo Mao Yanyan Jin Song Zhou Weijin Zhang Shucheng Li Shangwei(West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Key Lab. of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children （Siehuan University）, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China （Luo S, din S, Li SW Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China （Lian QG, Mao YY, Zhou WJ National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China （Zhang SC)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西第二医院生殖缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室,成都610041 [2]复旦大学生殖与发育研究院上海市计划生育科学研究所国家人口和计划生育委员会计划生育药具重点实验室,上海200237 [3]国家卫生计生委科学技术研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中华生殖与避孕杂志》2017年第3期208-212,共5页Chinese Journal of Reproduction and Contraception

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAI32B02)~~

摘　　要：目的调查我国青春期在校女生月经初潮情况及初潮后月经模式的变化规律。方法采用分阶段整群抽样,对全国8个省城市和农村的5 981例小学五年级到高中三年级的女生进行计算机辅助的自填问卷调查,总结我国在校青春期女生月经初潮情况及初潮后月经模式的变化规律。结果共调查5 981例女生,平均月经初潮年龄为(12.7±0.0)岁,城市及农村女生初潮年龄分别为(12.4±0.0)岁和(13.0±0.0)岁(P<0.01)。月经初潮到月经规律平均间隔时间为(1.2±0.0)年。按月经初潮后不同时间分层分析显示初潮后随时间推移规律周期比例无明显变化(P=0.33);经期4~7 d、经量适中的女生比例逐渐增加(P<0.01);痛经发生率逐渐增加(P<0.01),痛经程度逐渐加重(P<0.01)。结论城市女生月经初潮年龄较农村女生提前0.6年;初潮1年后规律月经周期比例随时间推移无明显变化,经期及经量逐渐转变为性成熟女性模式;痛经比例及中重度痛经比例逐年增加。ObjectiveTo determine the age at menarche and patterns of menstruation among school girls in China.MethodsWith multi-stage sampling, 5 981 primary and middle school students from both urban and rural areas in eight provinces were investigated anonymously with the method of computer assisted self-interview （CASI）.ResultsMenarche was attained at the age of （12.7±0.0） years, （12.4±0.0） years and （13.0±0.0） years for urban and rural respectively （P〈0.01）. The mean interval between menarche and regular cycle was （1.2±0.0） years. Analysis on the menstrual cycle pattern according to the time post menarche showed that the proportion of participants with regular cycle were similar in different time post menarche （P=0.33）; the proportion of participants with blood flow duration between 4-7 d and moderate blood flow were increased with time （P〈0.01）; the incidence of dysmenorrhoea and degree of pain were increased with time （P〈0.01）.ConclusionThe age of menarche of urban was 0.6 year earlier than that of rural. The proportion of participants with regular cycle was similar after 1 year postmenarche. The duration and amount of menstrual blood flow become the pattern of adult women with time. The incidence of dysmenorrhoea and severe pain increased with time.

关 键 词：月经初潮 青春期发育 女生 痛经 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]