耕地地力对化肥养分利用的影响机制及其调控研究进展  

Research Progress on Impact Mechanisms of Cultivated Land Fertility on Nutrient Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Their Regulation

作　　者：孙波[1,2] 陆雅海[3] 张旭东[4] 卢升高[5] 韦革宏[6] 杨劲松[1,2] 朱安宁[1,2] 刘满强[7] 段英华[8] 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]农业部耕地保育重点实验室,南京210008 [3]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [4]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [5]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058 [6]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100 [7]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,210095 [8]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《土壤》2017年第2期209-216,共8页Soils

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200300)资助

摘　　要：耕地地力影响了化肥养分的利用效率,是调控养分利用率的基础途径。本文概述了耕地土壤障碍对养分利用的制约机制、耕地地力培育对养分利用的促进机制、提高养分资源利用效率的耕地培肥模式3个方面的研究进展。针对我国主要的耕地土壤–作物系统,提高化肥养分利用率需要解决4个地力调控方面的关键问题:地力与养分利用率关系及其时空变化规律、土壤障碍制约养分高效蓄积转化机制与消减原理、地力培肥促进根系–土壤–微生物互作提高养分耦合利用机制及调控途径、肥沃耕层构建与生物功能提升对养分蓄纳供应的协同驱动增效机制与调控理论。本文提出基于多时空尺度综合研究,建立稳定提升土壤功能–加速养分循环利用的"双核驱动"地力综合管理理论,在不同区域构建并应用化肥减施增效的耕地地力综合管理模式,实现耕地大面积均衡减施化肥的目标。The cultivated land fertility affects the nutrient utilization of chemical fertilizers, which is the basic pathway toregulate the nutrient use efficiency （NUE）. The research progresses in this field were reviewed from three aspects： the restrictionmechanism of soil constraint factors on nutrient utilization, the promotion mechanism of soil fertility incubation on nutrientutilization, and the models for enhancing NUE by improving cultivated land fertility. For the main types of soil-crop systems, fourscientific problems need to be clarified in terms of regulating NUE by fostering cultivated land fertility： temporal and spatialvariation of correlation between soil fertility and NUE, the mechanisms for soil obstacles to restrict nutrient accumulation andtransformation and its removing principle, the mechanisms and regulatory pathways for fertility incubation to promote root - soil -microbe interaction and the synergetic utilization of nutrients, the mechanisms and theories for coupling fertile cultivated layerconstruction and soil biological function improvement to enhance nutrient storage and supplies. Based on the comprehensiveresearch at multi-temporal and spatial scales, the ＂dual core driven＂ soil fertility improvement theory should be developed, whichcombines the improvement of soil storage-release function and acceleration of nutrient recycling use. Finally the integratedcultivated land fertility management models should be established and applied to enhance NUE of chemical fertilizers in differentregions, which could promote the fulfillment of the goal to reduce chemical fertilizer application in cultivated land at the regionalscale.

关 键 词：耕地地力 土壤障碍 肥沃耕层 养分蓄纳供应 养分利用率 调控模式 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]