一株高效溶解钾长石芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定与生物学特性研究  

Isolation and Identification of a Feldspar-dissolving Bacillus Strain and Its Biological Characteristics

作　　者：谢庆东[1] 何琳燕[1] 王琪[1] 盛下放[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部农业环境微生物实验室,南京农业大学生命科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《土壤》2017年第2期302-307,共6页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41473075)资助

摘　　要：从风化的钾质粗面岩表面分离筛选到1株高效风化钾长石的芽孢杆菌E31菌株,通过菌株的生理生化特征并结合菌株16S r DNA序列分析,E31菌株被鉴定为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)。同时对E31菌株溶解钾长石的效应与机制以及生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,E31菌株能风化钾长石并释放出其中的元素,28℃振荡培养不同时间,接菌处理发酵液中可溶性K、Fe、Ca、Al含量分别比对照提高了19.6%~25.6%、1~12.5倍、10.4%~47.2%和1.2~4.5倍。在钾长石存在条件下接菌处理发酵液pH为3.62~3.80,发酵液中葡萄糖酸含量达61~1 794 mg/L,发酵液细胞数量达(8.7~16.1)×10~6 cfu/ml,表明菌株可以通过代谢产生的有机酸来加速对钾长石的分解作用。另外,E31菌株能够合成生长素和铁载体,E31菌株对温度、pH和盐浓度具有较强的耐受性。One mineral-weathering Bacillus strain was isolated from the surface of weathered potash trachyte and wasidentified as Bacillus thuringiensis based on the physiological and biochemical traits and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Thedissolution of feldspar by strain E31 and the mechanism involved as well as the biological characteristics were characterized. Theresults showed that strain E31 could weather feldspar and release elements from the mineral. The concentrations of K, Fe, Ca, andA1 were increased by 19.6%-25.6%, 1-12.5 times, 10.4%-47.2% and 1.2-4.5 times in the presence of strain E31 compared withthe controls respectively during the mineral weathering process, pH value, gluconic acid content, and cell numbers in the culturemedium were 3.62-3.80, 61-1 794 mg/L, and （8.7-16.1）x 10^6 cfu/ml, respectively, in the presence of strain E31, suggesting thatstrain E31 could promote the mineral weathering by increasing the production of organic acids in the culture medium.Furthermore, E31 strain has the ability to produce IAA and siderophores in culture medium and also has the characteristics of acidor alkali and salt tolerance and temperature resistance.

关 键 词：钾质粗面岩 钾长石 苏云金芽孢杆菌 矿物风化 葡萄糖酸 生物学特性 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]