重庆市2013-2015年鼠密度监测与防治探讨  

Surveillance of rodent populations in Chongqing from 2013 to 2015

作　　者：杨雪帆[1] 何亚明[1] 季恒青[1] 冯绍全[1] 涂涛田[1] YANG Xue-fan HE Ya-ming JI Heng-qing FENG Shao-quan TU Tao-tian(Chongqing Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqiag 400042, Chin)

机构地区：[1]重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆400042

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2017年第2期142-145,共4页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

摘　　要：目的通过对重庆市2013-2015年鼠类监测结果分析,掌握鼠的密度、种群结构和季节消长等动态变化规律,为重庆市鼠类防治工作提供科学依据。方法外环境采用鼠迹法,室内采用粘鼠板法进行监测。于每年3月、6月、9月、11月,每月中旬监测1次。结果重庆市2013-2015年外环境平均路径指数为2.37处/km,以2015年最高(2.46处/km),室内环境平均粘捕率为3.89%,以2013年最高(4.28%);外环境中的垃圾中转站和公厕周围的鼠密度明显高于其他监测场所,室内环境中的农贸市场和餐饮店明显高于其他监测场所;鼠类活动高峰主要在3月和9月;主要优势鼠种为小家鼠,占捕获总数的45%。结论基本掌握了重庆市鼠密度及季节消长规律,建议根据鼠类栖息习性及季节消长特点,采取环境治理为基础的综合性防治措施,在高峰前集中开展防鼠、灭鼠工作,继续加强对鼠类的长期监测,以减少鼠传疾病的发生和流行。Objective To understand the population density,structure and seasonal dynamics of rodents by analyzing the rodent surveillance data in Chongqing from 2013 to 2015,and provide scientific basis for rodent control in Chongqing. Methods The rodent trace method was carried out in outdoor areas,while the sticky mouse plate method in the indoor. Surveillance was taken once in mid of March,June,September and November from 2013 to 2015.Results The average route index in Chongqing outdoor areas from 2013 to 2015 was 2. 37 place/km,and the highest was 2. 46 place/km in 2015. The average catching rate in indoor areas was 3. 89%,and the highest was 4. 28% in2013. The density of rodents in garbage transfer stations and public toilets around were significantly higher than other monitoring sites in the outdoor areas,while the farmers market and restaurants in the indoor areas. The peak of rodent activity appeared in March and September. Mus musculus was the dominant species,accounting for 45% of all captured rodents. Conclusion The rodent population density and seasonal dynamics in Chongqing are better understood. According to this,it is suggested to take integrated control measures on the basis of environmental governance. Besides,the long-term surveillance of rodents should be strengthened continuously,and rodent control and deratization actions should be carried out before the peak time to reduce the incidence of rodent-borne diseases.

关 键 词：鼠密度 监测 防治 

分 类 号：S443[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]