受限水的超流特性  

Superfluidity of the confined water

作　　者：王奉超[1] 孙长庆[2,3] 吴恒安[1] WANG FengChao SUN ChangQing WU HengAna(Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China Key Lab of Irregular Coordination Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology, School of Mechanics and Electronic Engineering Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学近代力学系中国科学院材料力学行为和设计重点实验室,合肥230027 [2]长江师范学院机械与电气工程学院重庆市超常配位键工程与先进材料技术实验室,重庆408100 [3]School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University

出　　处：《科学通报》2017年第11期1111-1114,共4页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11525211;11572307);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB22040402)资助

摘　　要：超流是一种物质与其他物质界面不黏连、无阻力下的相对快速运动状态.譬如纳米通道中水的流速要比经典流体力学理论预测值高几个数量级.基于近期的实验和理论模拟结果,我们讨论了液态水在微纳通道内表现出超流的特性,并指出水在常温条件下的受限超流起源于水的低配位水分子间的氢键弛豫和因弛豫而引起的表皮超固态的高弹性和极化.Superfluidity means non-sticky and frictionless when two bodies are set contacting motion. It seems that a substance can be transported in a channel with high velocity and negligible resistance. As a typical example, helium-4 below 2.17 K will become a superfluid. In this case, the flow rate of helium is independent of the driving pressure, and it is impossible to calculate the significant viscosity coefficient from the experimental data. The research on superfluid and supersolid has attracted considerable attention, which mainly focused on extreme conditions（ultra-low temperature, high pressure, etc.）. One may ask that can certain substances show superfluid and supersolid behaviors under room temperature. We already know that the flow rate of water in nanometer channel is several orders of magnitude higher than that predicted by the classical theory of fluid mechanics. The molecular dynamics simulation predicts that the water molecules spontaneously form a two-dimensional solid-like square structure in graphene nanocapillaries. This is considered to be the reason for the rapid passage of water molecules through such nano-channels. Water transport in carbon nanotubes exibit similar behaviours. The friction coefficient of water transport in carbon nanotubes is positively correlated with the curvature radius of the nanotubes. That is, the smaller the radius of carbon nanotubes, the smaller the friction coefficient, the greater the flow enhancement. However, for boron nitride nanotubes, although with a similar structure with the carbon nanotubes, it does not show significant flow enhancement because of the different electrical properties of walls. Based on the recent experimental and theoretical simulations, we discussed the superfluid of liquid water exhibits superfluidity in nanochannels, and pointed out that superfluidity of the confined water under room temperature originates from the hydrogen bond relaxation between the low coordination water molecules and the high elasticity and polarization at the interfa

关 键 词：超流体 水 氢键 受限 超固态 

分 类 号：O641.1[理学—物理化学]