天文数据索引技术综述  

Astronomical data indexing technologies review

作　　者：张海龙[1,2] 冶鑫晨 赵青[3] 王杰[1] 王万琼[1] 托乎提努尔[1] 李慧娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆天文台,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院射电天文重点实验室,南京210008 [3]天津科技大学计算机科学与信息工程学校,天津300222

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2017年第5期42-54,共13页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家重点基础研宄发展计划项目(编号:2015CB857100);国家自然科学基金(编号:U1531125;11503075);中国科学院青年创新促进会;西部之光项目(编号:XBBS201325);中国科学院天文台站设备更新及重大仪器设备运行专项经费资助;天文学科技领域云项目(编号:XXH12503-05-05)

摘　　要：信息技术、制造技术的蓬勃发展为提高射电望远镜灵敏度和分辨率奠定了基础.随着观测设备接收面积的增大及多功能数字终端技术的发展,天文观测设备的数据收集能力也得到了大幅提升,天文数据已经进入了PB量级时代.然而海量的观测数据并非全部实现了全世界范围的开放共享.部分新投入或正在建设中的大型天文观测设备在设计过程中并没有充分考虑到数据管理问题;已有的观测数据采用离线存储在磁盘或磁带上没能实现数字化:发表的文章所用到的数据没有进行有效归档,使他人无法重复数据处理;部分国家或地区的网络限制使科研人员无法在线获取归档数据.本文以目前主流的单天线和阵列射电望远镜为基础,综述各观测设备现状及数据管理相关情况.以虚拟天文台相关协议标准为依据介绍如何通过最新的虚拟天文台(Virtual Observatory,VO)技术实现数据发布及无缝透明的资源连接与访问.分析了目前常用的索引技术B-Tree,R-Tree,HTM,HEALPix,Q3C的特点,最后给出针对新疆奇台110 m射电望远镜数据管理方面可选择的关键技术.The rapid development of information and manufacturing technologies has laid a solid foundation to improve antenna sensitivity and resolution. With the increasing antenna receiving area of astronomical facilities and the advancement of multi-functional digital back-end technologies, data collection capability has been enhanced greatly, and the astronomical data have been entered the Petabyte era. However, not all of the massive observational data are shared worldwidely. Data management issues are underestimated in the design procedure of some new or under-construction large astronomical facilities, some existing observational data are stored offline on disks or tapes, which are not digitized yet. Some data used by published papers are not archived validly, so that others cannot duplicate the results. And researchers in some countries or regions cannot get online data due to the network limitation. This paper reviews current status of observational facilities and data management based on mainstream single-dishes and arrays, introduces how to realize data publishing and seamless transparent access to resources with the latest VO technologies, analyzes the most used B-tree, R-Tree, HTM, HEALPix and Q3C indexing technologies, and at last, gives the suggestions for the massive data management of Xinjiang Qitai 110 m radio telescope.

关 键 词：天文数据 索引 虚拟天文台 射电望远镜 

分 类 号：P11[天文地球—天文学]