时间距离和空间距离对基线比例忽略的影响  

Effect of Temporal and Spatial Distance on the Base-rate Neglect

作　　者：张慧[1] 徐富明[1,2] 马红宇[1] 孔诗晓[1] 李欧[1] 

机构地区：[1]青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室华中师范大学心理学院暨湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室,武汉430079 [2]江西师范大学心理学院,南昌330022

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2017年第2期242-245,293,共5页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71571083)资助;2016年华中师范大学优秀博士学位论文培育计划(2016YBZZ120)资助

摘　　要：目的:探讨时间距离和空间距离对基线比例忽略的影响。方法:两个实验分别采用2(时间距离:远,近)×2(基线比例:高,低),2(空间距离:远,近)×2(基线比例:高,低)的两因素被试间设计。结果:1在远时间和空间距离情境中,被试在高基线水平下的可能性判断显著高于低基线水平下的可能性判断;2在近时间和空间距离情境中,被试在两种基线水平下的可能性判断没有显著差异。结论:时间距离和空间距离较近时,更容易出现基线比例忽略现象;时间距离和空间距离较远时,个体的基线比例忽略倾向减弱。Objective： To explore the the effects of temporal and spatial distance on base rate neglect. Methods： Study 1 carried out one experiment with 2（temporal distance： distant vs. near）x2（base rate： high vs. low） between-subject design to examine the moderate effect of temporal distance. Similarly, study 2 explored the effect of spatial distance on the baserate neglect with 2（spatial distance： distant vs. near）x 2（base rate： high vs. low） between-subject design. Results： The results showed that both the temporal distance and spatial distance affected the base-rate neglect under the selection circumstances, and base-rate neglect effect was weakened along with the increased temporal distance and spatial distance, thus individuals tended to make probability judgments based on base rate. Conclusion： Our findings provide consistent evidence that different dimensions of psychological distance, namely temporal distance and spatial distance influence the relative weight according to case description information as well as base rate information in the base-rate neglect situations.

关 键 词：基线比例忽略 解释水平理论 心理距离 时间距离 空间距离 

分 类 号：R395.1[哲学宗教—心理学]