从托马斯·曼的创作看其文学观  

A Study on Thomas Mann's Literary View

作　　者：张弓[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学人文学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2017年第2期144-149,共6页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"‘后学’语境与马克思主义美学中国化"【项目批号:11CZW017】的资助

摘　　要：托马斯·曼是德国批判现实主义文学的主要代表人物,他的文学观主要表现在他的创作之中。其主要表现为:在对尼采悲观主义的哲学反思之中以自己的现实主义小说来揭露和批判资本主义社会的现实,在极度的悲观绝望之中转化出对未来的乐观希望,这体现出人生的辩证法:向死而生;以艺术家和作家的敏锐感受力体悟到了资本主义社会与诗歌和艺术相敌对的性质,得出了与马克思相同的结论;以文学承载人道主义精神和理想,反思资本主义社会意识形态。他对于产生于19—20世纪之交的弗洛伊德的精神分析学说、叔本华的悲观主义和尼采的权力意志理论等资产阶级意识形态和思想潮流,不仅在小说创作之中进行了形象化的分析和表现,而且在一些演讲和论文之中也进行了理性分析和阐释,从而对于资本主义社会的意识形态进行了反思和批判,以彰显人道主义思想。Thomas Mann was one of the main representatives of German critical realism literature, and this paper tries to analyse his literary view on the basis of his works. Firstly, Thomas Mann exposes the corruption and hypocrisy of capitalism, and reflects on Schopenhauer＇s pessimism in his works. However, he always tries to transform extreme pessimism and desperation to optimistic hope for the future. Secondly, he exposes and criticizes the characteristics of capitalist society against beauty and art. He perceives those negative characteristics and thus comes to conclusions akin to Marx＇s. Thirdly, he uses his literary works to embody his humanitarianism and ideal and reflects on the capitalist ideology. He discusses and interprets Freud＇s psychoanalysis, Schopenhauer＇s pessimism and Nietzsche＇s power will in his literary works, speeches and lectures. In this way, he reflects on and criticizes the capitalist ideology, and displays his humanitarianism.

关 键 词：托马斯·曼 批判现实主义文学 文学观 

分 类 号：I516.06[文学—其他各国文学]