北京市近二十年景观破碎化格局的时空变化  

Spatial-temporal changes of landscape fragmentation patterns in Beijing in the last two decades

作　　者：付刚[1,2] 肖能文[2] 乔梦萍 齐月[2] 闫冰[2] 刘高慧 高晓奇[2] 李俊生[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《生态学报》2017年第8期2551-2562,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：北京市财政资金项目(PXM2014-178218-000005)

摘　　要：基于1993—2013年3期时间序列的遥感影像获得的一、二级景观类型的土地覆盖数据,利用移动窗口法和空间主成分分析法研究景观破碎度空间分布格局和破碎化过程。结果表明:北京市正处于快速城市化阶段,20年间其建设用地面积增加了1000.8 km^2,增长47.14%,而耕地面积减少21.86%;全市破碎化程度增加,其中,景观斑块总数增加了15.26%,而景观斑块的平均面积缩小了15.35%,景观形状指数(LSI)从88.426增加到98.897;北京市景观破碎化格局的空间异质性较大,但没有方向性偏好,却表现了"两极化"发展趋势,其中,高破碎化区域和低破碎化区域的面积增加,中等破碎化的区域面积减少,核心大城区和山区的景观破碎度降低,而新兴城区和郊区的景观破碎度增大;北京市景观破碎化格局的距离效应显著,呈现倒"U"型二次函数关系,其中,2013年的破碎度距离函数为:Y_3=0.1767+0.02898X_3-0.0005167X_3~2,距城市中心20—35 km处的城郊交错区景观破碎化程度最高。景观破碎化格局的分析有助于了解大城市快速发展阶段的景观格局演变规律,为城市生物多样性保护、绿地廊道维护和生态文明城市建设提供理论依据。Landscape fragmentation is a major factor for ecological and environmental degradation, and it impacts on landscape, fragmentati rapidly urbanized regions. Over the last 20 years, urbanization in Beijing has substantially changed has serious the surface and deeply influenced the landscape heterogeneity. However, much of the current research on the landscape on in Beijing City has focused primarily on simple landscape indexes, and only a few studies have investigated the complexity and dynamics of fragmentation characteristics on the temporal and spatial patterns. Therefore, the combined use of remote sensing-based technology to classify land use cover, employing the moving windows method of landscape metrics, and the spatial principal components analyses method have provided an useful comprehensive understanding of the spatial-temporal characteristics and changes in landscape fragmentation patterns. In this study, we were mainly concerned with landscape fragmentation during the rapid urbanization in Beijing City, throughout 1993, 2003 and 2013 based on RS and GIS. The LUCC results, which were obtained from Landsat TM/ETM, have been divided into two grades, including six classes in first grade and 19 classes in second grade. We have fully integrated the two grades of LUCC results to analyzelandscape fragmentation, combined with the moving windows method and the spatial princi Additionally, we use transfer-matrix and distribution pattern maps to describe the course components analyses method. urbanization in Beijing City. Based on the results of our study, we concluded that, there were many changes in landscape structure and pattern during the rapid urbanization in Beijing, and the dominant change was construction land, which increased by 47.16%. At the same time, farmland area has decreased by 21.86%. Landscape fragmentation indices also changed over time during this stage, the landscape patch number was increased from 20,986 to 24,765, the average area of landscape patches has reduced by 15.35%, landscape connec

关 键 词：城市化 异质性 景观破碎化 空间主成分分析 移动窗口法 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]