模拟气候变暖对东北兴安落叶松径向生长的影响  

Impact of simulated climate warming on the radial growth of Larix gmelinii in northeast China

作　　者：刘玉佳[1] 顾卓欣 王晓春[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生态研究中心,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生态学报》2017年第8期2684-2693,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑项目(2011BAD37B01);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-12-0810);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT-15R09)共同资助

摘　　要：2004年在带岭、孙吴、松岭和塔河构成的纬度梯度上分别选取幼龄兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii),将其统一移栽到纬度较低的帽儿山地区,以模拟温度升高对兴安落叶松径向生长的影响。在2013年生长季(6—9月)分别在4个纬度移栽原地和移栽地(帽儿山)的树木主干和小枝上取样,主干用微生长锥钻取样芯,小枝直接截取一段,主干和小枝的样品用石蜡切片法得到扩大细胞和成熟细胞的大小及数量的动态变化。结果表明:温度升高导致兴安落叶松主干扩大细胞大小和数量均增加,但是主干径向生长与温度升高不呈正比。生长季前期(6月),带岭小枝成熟细胞数量明显高于其他两组,但在8月晚材细胞数量偏少,表明其还在继续生长。生长季后期(8月),松岭兴安落叶松小枝扩大细胞平均大小为5μm,分化数为4个,而松岭移栽到帽儿山后扩大细胞平均大小为9.9μm,分化数为7个,增长了近1倍。松岭成熟细胞大小较其他两地偏大,可能与其水分状况有关。温度升高不能直接改变植物生长周期一类由基因控制的生理特性,但是对树木不同构件的影响力是不同的,小枝受到的影响要大于主干。当全球变暖尤其是伴随降水量减少时,将减少兴安落叶松径向生长,包括管胞直径、数量和生长周期。通过纬度变化模拟气候变暖,深入分析不同构件树木生长对气候变化的响应,为预测气候变化对兴安落叶松生长及分布的影响提供依据。Climate warming has been widely reported across the globe, especially in high-latitude regions. There is an increasing body of evidence that a temperature increase would greatly affect tree growth and forest ecosystem. To simulate the effects of climate wanning on the radial growth of Larix grnelinii, eight-year-old young trees in Dailing, Sunwu, Songling, and Tahe （from low to high latitude） were transplanted to Maoershan （the lowest latitude） in 2004. We collected the micro-growing cores from the main trunks and segments of the branchlets from trees growing at the four transplanting origins and the one transplanting destination in the growing season of 2013. The enlarged and mature cells in main trunk and branchlet in each year were identified, and their sizes and quantities were measured by paraffin section methods. The results showed that the size and quantity of enlarged and mature cells in the Larix gmelinii trunk increased with the simulated temperature increase, but the radial growth increment of the main trunk did not respond to the temperature increase. In the early part of the growing season （ June）, the quantity of mature cells in Dailing was significantly higher than that of the other two groups, whereas the cell number in August was relatively lower, indicating a pattern of continuous growth. In the late part of the growing season （August） , the size and differentiation number of enlarged cells in the transplanting origin ofSongling was 5 I^m and 4, respectively, whereas these values were 9 trm and 7 in the transplanting destination （Maoershan）, representing a nearly 2-fold increase. The size of mature cells in the transplanting origin of Songling was larger than that in the other two groups, which may be related to the change in water status. Temperature increase didn＇t directly change the physiological characteristics, such as plant growth period, which might be controlled by genetic factors. We found that the branchlets were more affected by the temperature increase than the

关 键 词：兴安落叶松 年轮 暖化 形成层 切片 

分 类 号：S791.222[农业科学—林木遗传育种]