汽修行业有机溶剂挥发性化学组分分析  

Analysis on volatile chemical components in the mixture of auto repair industry

作　　者：刘俊玲[1] 郑晓钧[1] 李汉锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省深圳市福田区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518040

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第9期1568-1571,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析汽修行业有机溶剂挥发性化学组分,为开展汽修行业职业病危害因素监测和职业病防治工作提供依据。方法运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对从34家汽修企业收集到的80份有机溶剂样品进行挥发性化学组分检测后对结果进行汇总分析。结果 (1)"洗枪水"和"天那水"挥发性有机组分检出职业病危害因素种类最多,主要检出甲醇,个别检出1,2-二氯乙烷;(2)"油性漆"主要检出乙酸丁酯、二甲苯和乙苯;(3)"稀释剂"和"固化剂"主要检出乙酸丁酯、二甲苯和乙苯;(4)"水性漆"挥发性有机组分比例最低,检出职业病危害因素种类最少,主要检出戊醇、丙醇、异丙醇。结论从挥发性有机组分的比例、所检出的职业病危害因素的种类、数量及毒性等多方面考虑,汽修行业所使用的有机溶剂中天那水和洗枪水存在的职业病危害应当引起职业卫生监管部门、企业的重视。Objective To analyze the volatile chemical composition of organic solvents used in automotive maintenance industry, to provide evidence for occupational hazards monitoring and prevention of occupational diseases in automotive maintenance industry. Methods 80 organic solvents specimens sampled from 34 automotive maintenance enterprises were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The species of occupational hazards in the chemical composition of ＂gun wash water＂ and ＂ banana oil＂ was the most,methanol was the main detected component, and 1,2 - diehloroethane was detected in some. Butyl acetate, xylene and ethylbenzene were mainly detected in ＂ oil paint＂. Butyl acetate, xylene and ethylbenzene were mainly detected in ＂ thinner＂ and ＂ curing agent＂. The proportion of volatile organic components of ＂ water - based paint＂ was the lowest. The species of occupational hazards in the chemical composition of ＂ water - based paint＂ was the fewest and amyl alcohol, propanol and isopropanol were primarily detected. Conclusion Considering the proportion of volatile organic components, the species of the detected occupational hazards, and the quantity and toxicity and so on, occupational health supervision departments and enterprises should pay more attention to the occupational hazards in organic solvents of ＂gun wash water＂ and ＂banana oil＂ used in automotive maintenance industry.

关 键 词：有机溶剂 化学组分 职业病危害 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]