病死动物无害化处理技术与可追溯系统实现初探  

Preliminary Research on Innocent Treatment Technology of Animals Died of Diseases and the Implementation of Traceability System

作　　者：曹哲[1] 施正香[1] 惠雪[1] 李保明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院农业部设施农业工程重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2017年第4期79-85,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项:主要畜禽低碳养殖及节能减排关键技术研究与示范(201303091)

摘　　要：病死动物是动物疫病发生的重要传染来源,处理不当对公共卫生安全、人畜健康和产业发展影响极大。本文调查分析了国内外现有病死动物处理方法,主要包括填埋法、焚烧法、高温化制法、发酵堆肥法四种。欧美国家以深埋、焚烧和堆肥为主,但近年来,由于畜牧业的快速发展和环境保护力度的加大,以高温化制法为代表的病死动物资源化利用技术不断成熟,成为主要的处理方式。而在国内,处理方法以高温高压化制法为主,以填埋、发酵等方法为辅。在此基础上,本文剖析了国内病死动物在集中无害化处理中的技术难点,主要来自于收集、暂存及运输过程中的安全风险。为此,提出了一种基于密封包装的病死动物可追溯系统,阻断疾病传播、降低收集和运输风险,实现对病死动物来源和去向的精确实时监控。同时,可追溯系统还可以通过集中处理中心对病死动物的来源进行有效监管、快速检验,及时掌握病死动物死因和疫情发展动态,进而为管理部门决策、养殖场户风险预警提供指导和帮助。Animals died of diseases are a key epidemic source for animal diseases, which will threaten public health safety, the heath of animal and livestock as well as animal industry if improperly disposed. The paper analyzed current treatment methods for animals died of diseases from domestic and abroad, which involves mainly four ways, namely, landfill, incineration, high temperature and pressure melting and fermentation composting. The European and American countries adopt landfill and incineration, but as a result of the rapid development of animal husbandry and the cement of environmental protection in recent years, the technology which applies dead animals as resources, for instance, high temperature melting technology, has gradually matured and become the principal treatment method. However, in China, high temperature and high pressure method is the main treatment approach, supplemented by landfill and fer-mentation approaches. In light of the above scenario, the paper analyzed the technological difficulties in centralized innocent treatment of domestic animals died of diseases, mainly from safety problems in the as-pects of collection, temporary storage and transportation. Therefore, a traceability system of animals diedof diseases with sealed package was established so as to prevent the spread of diseases, reduce the risk in collection and transportation, and precisely and real-timely monitor the source and whereabouts of dead an-imals. In the meantime, the system can also effectively manage and inspect the sources of dead animals through collective treatment center, timely inform the causes of death and epidemic development, and pro-vide a reference and help for administrative departments to make decisions, for famers to be informed of the risks.

关 键 词：病死畜禽收集 集中处理 真空密封包装袋 可追溯系统 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]