基于ArcGIS ModelBuilder的复杂地质体自动建模方法  

METHOD OF AUTOMATICALLY MODELING COMPLEX GEOLOGICAL BODIES WITH ARCGIS MODELBUILDER

作　　者：宋仁波[1] 江南[2] 殷彪[1] 窦小影 崔路阳 张鹏飞[1] 王月香[1] 李文慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院城市与环境学院,淮安223300 [2]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210046

出　　处：《工程地质学报》2017年第2期393-401,共9页Journal of Engineering Geology

摘　　要：与传统的二维(2D)地质绘图技术相比,三维地质建模技术能够更加直观、立体地展现地下岩层的结构和空间分布情况,在工程的规划、设计、施工和风险评估等过程都具有重要的应用价值。针对工程领域的建模对象往往涉及复杂地质体,为实现模型的自动构建,本文提出一种基ArcGIS ModelBuilder的复杂地质体自动建模方法。首先,在ArcGIS平台的支持下,以钻孔数据和地质剖面图为数据源,采用面向对象编程Python语言结合ArcPy包,通过编程实现钻孔数据的自动预处理;其次,组合ArcScan自动矢量化和SkechUp人机交互对地质剖面进行预处理,从中提取出断裂3D矢量线,将它们集中存储于GIS空间数据库;然后,利用ModelBuilder可视化建模工具,通过调用ArcToolbox的文件转换和空间分析工具分别生成地层的三维实体模型和断裂的三维表面模型,从而实现复杂地质体自动建模;进一步,通过矢量化切割、剖面和开挖多边形作为TIN拉伸扩展工具的输入,并结合ArcScene实现模型多种形式的可视化。最后,采用南京仙林地区三维地质调查项目获取的钻孔数据进行了建模实验,建模结果表明:该方法具有准确、快速和自动化的优势,可为大范围、大批量地质建模提供可靠的技术方案。3D Geological modeling technology can more intuitively represents the 3D structures and spatial distribution of rock formations of subsurface, when it is compared with traditional 2D geological mapping technology. It has important applications in planning, design, construction and risk assessment of the engineering projects. Modeling objects often involves complex geological bodies in engineering fields. In order to improve the automatic level of 3D geological modeling, this paper proposes an automatic method of modeling complex geological bodies based on ArcGIS Model Builder. First, the borehole data and geological section maps are used as data source. The Python object-oriented programming language and ArcPy package are combined for automatic preprocessing of the drilling data. Secondly, the function of automatic vectorization of ArcScan and the humancomputer interaction（ HCI） of Skechllp are combined for extracting the 2D and 3D fault lines and then stored in GIS spatial database. Thirdly, the Model Builder of ArcGIS, a visual modeling tool, is used for automatically creating the 3D solid models of strata and the 3D surface models of faults using the data processing, file conversion and 3D analysis tools of the ArcToolbox. Fourthly, the cutting, cross-section and excavation polygons are vectorized respectively as the inputs of the 3D analyst tool of Extrude between extended using ArcPy. The 3D visualization tool of ArcScene is used for realizing multiple types of visualization. Finally, the drilling data acquired from the 3D geological survey in Nanjing Xianlin area are used for practical modeling test. The modeling results show that the method has accurate, rapid and automatic advantages, which can provide reliable technical solutions for large-scale and mass geological modeling.

关 键 词：三维地质建模 ARCGIS ModelBuilder 复杂地质体 自动建模 

分 类 号：P628.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]