出生缺陷的流行态势和影响因素及人群研究的若干问题  

Epidemiology of birth defects and related problems and population study

作　　者：党少农[1] 颜虹[1] 王红丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（医学版）》2017年第3期317-325,共9页Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University（Medical Sciences）

基　　金：陕西省卫计委出生缺陷防治课题(No.sxwsjswzfcght2016-013);国家自然科学基金资助(No.81230016)~~

摘　　要：出生缺陷是指胚胎或胎儿发育过程中结构、功能或代谢发生异常,是早期流产、死胎、围产儿死亡、婴幼儿死亡和先天残疾的主要原因。出生缺陷不仅影响儿童生命健康和生活质量,而且影响整个国家的人口素质。本文回顾分析了当前出生缺陷的流行态势、可能病因及危险因素,同时阐述了出生缺陷的流行病学研究的重要性、出生缺陷一级预防可能性以及多学科交叉与协作研究在出生缺陷研究中的必要性,为出生缺陷的预防与控制提供参考。Birth defects are the abnormalities in structure,function or metabolism of embryonic or fetal development.They are the main cause of early abortion,stillbirth,perinatal mortality,infant mortality and congenital disabilities.Birth defects affect not only the health and life quality of children,but also the population quality of the whole country.This paper reviews the current epidemic situation and possible causes and risk factors of birth defects.It also expounds on the importance of epidemiological study on birth defects,possibility of primary prevention of birth defects,and necessity of interdisciplinary and collaborative research.It may provide reference for prevention and control of birth defects.

关 键 词：出生缺陷 流行病学 一级预防 学科交叉 

分 类 号：R172[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]