人工海水对罗氏沼虾幼体生长发育及能量收支影响初探  

Effects of Artificial Seawater on the Growth and Energy Budget of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Larvae

作　　者：黄光华 马华威 黎建斌 杨彦豪 黄立斌 冯鹏霏 吕敏 卢小花 杨学明 

机构地区：[1]广西水产科学研究院,广西南宁530021 [2]防城港市水产品质量安全检测中心,广西防城港538000 [3]防城港市渔业技术推广站,广西防城港538000

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2017年第2期76-81,共6页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：广西直属公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(GXIF-2012-08)

摘　　要：通过自制人工海水培育罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)幼体,与天然海水对比分析人工海水特性及养殖过程中的水质状况,探究人工海水对罗氏沼虾幼体生长发育及能量收支的影响。试验在广西南宁国家级罗氏沼虾良种场进行,罗氏沼虾幼体和饵料丰年虫无节幼体均由该良种场提供,罗氏沼虾幼体规格(湿重)为(1.476±0.050)g,共80万尾;在幼体开始培育前配制人工海水1 000 kg,配比为海盐:MgSO_4∶CaCl_2∶KCl∶H_3B_3O_3∶KBr∶ETDA∶生石灰=2000∶600∶72∶36∶24∶4∶1∶2;设置天然海水为对照组,试验组及对照组分别设置4个重复。结果显示,人工海水中,Mg^(2+)∶K^+∶Ca^(2+)=3∶1∶1,与北部湾天然海水接近,且水质无毒性作用;与天然海水相比,人工海水培育的罗氏沼虾幼体成活率为95.00%,蜕皮率为16.82%,并提高了幼体的特定生长率和食物转化率,降低了摄食率;幼体在天然海水中生长和脱壳所用能量[(18.83±1.35)%和(0.99±0.16)%]分别显著低于人工海水[(19.64±0.51)%和(1.47±0.06)%](P<0.05);而在呼吸、排泄和排粪上的能量比例无显著性差异。研究表明,自制的人工海水对罗氏沼虾幼体的生长发育、蜕皮具有促进作用。Macrobrachium rosenbergii is one of the three most commercially important shrimp cultured in China. To decrease the cost of buying and transporting seawater for inland M. rosenbergii aquaculture, and to reduce the im- pact of polluted seawater on M. rosenbergii aquaculture in coastal region, researchers at home and abroad have ex- perimented with M. rosenbergii aquaculture using artificial seawater. In this study, experiment of M. rosenbergii larvae cultured in artificial seawater, were carried out at the National M. rosenbergii Hatchery （Nanning, Guan- gxi）. The aim of the study was to explore the effect of artificial seawater culture on the growth characteristics and energy budget of M. rosenbergii larvae. During the test, the water quality of the artificial seawater was compared with the natural water condition of Beibu Gulf. The study will provide theoretical evidence for M.. rosenbergii aqua- culture using artificial seawater. A total of 800 thousand M. rosenbergii larvae with an average wet weight of （ 1. 476 ± 0. 050） g and their food source, Artemia nauplii, were provided by the National M. rosenbergii Hatchery. M. rosenbergii larvae cultured in natural seawater were used as the control and four replicates were used. From the sec- ond day of the test, M. rosenbergii larvae fed on Artemia nauplii （0.5 mg each time） three times a day during the periods 08：00 -09 ： 00, 11：00 - 12：00 and 16：00 - 17：00 and, from the ninth day, the level ofArtemia nau- plii feeding was increased （0.4 g each time） and egg custard （0.1 g） was also added three times a day during the periods 06 ： 00 - 07 ： 00, 10 ： 00 - 11 ： 00 and 16 ： 00 - 17 ： 00. The residual feed and excrement were collected in a timely fashion after each meal, dried and weighed. At about 15 days into the test, molting began and the molting frequency was recorded and exuvia were collected, dried and weighed. The experiment lasted 22 days and the body length and weight of each shrimp was measured at the end. The rat

关 键 词：人工海水 罗氏沼虾幼体 特定生长率 能量收支 

分 类 号：Q112[生物学—普通生物学]