青岛市农田土壤残膜污染现状及其治理对策  

Pollution Status and Control Countermeasures of Polyethylene Mulch Film Residue in Farmland Soils of Qingdao City, China

作　　者：李妍超[1] 李海萍 王永显 孙亚萍 王凯荣[1] 杨青贤 LI Yan-chao LI Hai-ping WANG Yong-xian SUN Ya-ping WANG Kai-rong YANG Qing-xian(College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Qingdao Agricultural Environmental Protection and Rural Energy Extension Station, Qingdao 266071, China Jimo Agricultural Bureau, Jimo 266200, China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院青岛市农村环境工程研究中心,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛市农业环保能源工作站,山东青岛266071 [3]即墨市农业局,山东即墨266200

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2017年第3期226-233,共8页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：农业部农业生态环境保护项目资助(091621 10402229019)

摘　　要：地膜覆盖技术应用带动了我国农业生产力的显著提高和生产方式的改变,对保障我国农产品安全供给做出了重大贡献,但随着地膜应用量和使用年限的不断增加,大量残留地膜造成的"白色污染"严重影响了农业生产的进行,对农业环境的安全与健康也构成了巨大的威胁。本文在青岛市5个农业主产区选择了27个代表性作物种植片区,对常年覆膜农田土壤地膜残留现状进行了调查。结果表明:青岛市农田土壤中地膜残留量在10.7~69.3 kg·hm^(-2)之间,平均残留量为32.3±15.7 kg·hm^(-2),中位值27.3 kg·hm^(-2),其中有7个作物种植片区的残膜量均值超过40 kg·hm^(-2),最高残留量均值达到69.3 kg·hm^(-2),具有一定的残膜污染作物损害风险。青岛市农田土壤中地膜残留量与种植模式、覆膜年限之间没有明显相关性,而与当季残膜回收率有关。农田土壤中残膜大小以大于100 cm2的最多,且90%以上残膜分布在0~20 cm耕作层。为控制农田土壤地膜残留污染,提出3点建议:一是建立和完善地膜残留污染综合治理机制;二是强化超薄型聚乙烯(PE)地膜的质量提升与达标地膜的应用;三是积极研发推广生物可降解地膜,从源头解决PE地膜残留污染问题。The benefits of using polyethylene（ PE ） mulch films in agriculture are well established in China. However, residues of PE films contaminate soils. Disposing of used films may lead to off-site environmental pollution, especially contributing to white pollution. We conducted a study to measure the amount of PE film residue in a number of farmland soils （27 sites ） previously subjected to long-term film mulching across five main agriculture production regions of Qingdao, China. The amount of film residue in soils was highly variable with the mean being 32.3±15.7 kg ·hm-2. Seven sites exceeded 40 kg ·hm-2 with the highest being 69.3 kg ·hm-2. There was no evident correlation between the amount of film residue in soil and the type of cropping system or the number of years of surface mulching, but was related to the recovery rate of the film in the current season. About 1.6% of the recovered PE films was in pieces less than 2 cm2, 7.3% was between 2 cm2 and 20 cm2, 19.2% was between 20 cm2 and 100 cm2, and the remainder（71.9%） was in pieces greater than 100 cm2. More than 90% of the residue PE films was in the 0-20 cm ploughing soil layer, while 5% was in the 20-30 cm layer. A number of key steps are suggested to control the ongoing pollution of PE film residue in farmland： （ 1 ） Establish and implement a comprehensive program for controlling soil PE fihn residue pollution in agriculture involving both government and industry initiatives; （2） Upgrade the quality of PE film to increase the proportion that can be recovered after harvest and recycled; （3）Develop and promote new biodegradable films to as cost-effective alternatives PE residual pollution.

关 键 词：地膜残留 实地调研 治理对策 青岛 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]