故宫太和殿二层斗拱竖向加载试验  

Experimental study of two-layer tou-kungs( wood brackets) from Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City under vertical loads

作　　者：周乾[1,2] 闫维明[2] 慕晨曦 谢志强[2] 

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院,北京100009 [2]北京工业大学工程抗震与结构诊治北京市重点实验室,北京100124

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2017年第2期8-14,共7页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：故宫博物院科研基金资助(KT2012-7);文化部科技创新项目资助(17-2009)

摘　　要：为了更好地保护古建筑,采取静力试验方法,以故宫太和殿二层平身科、柱头科、角科斗拱为对象,研究了竖向荷载作用下斗拱的受力性能。基于上述3种斗拱构造特征,制作了1∶2比例模型,进行了竖向加载试验,讨论了不同斗拱在荷载作用下的破坏形式、内力及变形特征,归纳了斗拱的竖向刚度计算模型。结果表明:竖向荷载作用下,太和殿二层斗拱的坐斗及与之相交的头翘、正心瓜拱容易产生破坏,且模型倒置时下层构件受力要小于上层构件。对于不同斗拱而言,斗拱极限承载力:平身科<角科<柱头科;斗拱变形及残余变形量:柱头科<角科<平身科;斗拱延性:角科<柱头科<平身科。竖向荷载作用下,太和殿二层斗拱的竖向刚度计算模型可简化为三折线段形式。To effectively protect Chinese ancient timber buildings, three types of twolayer toukungs（wood brackets）-an intermediate set, a column set and a corner set-from the Taihe Palace of the Forbidden City, were taken as examples to study their bearing performance under vertical loads. Based on structural characteristics of the toukungs, 1∶2 ratio models were built, on which vertical loading experiments were carried out. Information regarding modes of damage, internal forces and deformation of the toukungs were recorded. Then a vertical stiffness model for the toukungs was calculated and developed. The results show that under vertical loads, the top layer of the toukungs could be easily damaged. Compared to the underparts, the upper parts of the toukungs bear more forces. For different toukungs, it is found that the maximum bearable forces vary as follows：intermediate set 〈 corner set 〈 column set, for ultimate bearing capacity; column set 〈 corner set 〈 intermediate set,for deformation; and corner set 〈 column set 〈 intermediate set, for ductility. Under vertical loads, the calculated model for toukung vertical stiffness can be simplified and in lined with threepart polygonal lines.

关 键 词：太和殿 二层斗拱 竖向荷载 静力试验 木结构 

分 类 号：TU366.2[建筑科学—结构工程]