中国城市PM_(2.5)空气质量改善分阶段目标研究  

Phased-in Targets of PM_(2.5) Air Quality Improvement in Chinese Cities

作　　者：孟露露[1] 单春艳[1] 白志鹏[2] 任丽红[2] 吴晓璇[1] 赵佳佳[1] 陈杨[1] 李洋阳[1] MENG Lulu SHAN Chunyan BAI Zhipeng REN Lihong WU Xiaoxuan ZHAO Jiajia CHEN Yang LI Yangyang(College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012 ,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2017年第2期1-10,共10页Environmental Monitoring in China

摘　　要：中国城市细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))空气质量达标率低,且城市间的污染程度差异较大。为了整体改善PM_(2.5)空气质量,需要针对不同污染程度的城市,制定分阶段改善目标加以考核和管理,研究探讨了城市PM_(2.5)空气质量改善目标体系及不同污染程度城市各阶段目标值。首先运用文献综述法、国内外对比分析法梳理评述了WHO、欧美等发达国家PM_(2.5)的空气质量标准和达标要求,提出中国城市PM_(2.5)空气质量改善的考核目标体系,包括PM_(2.5)浓度目标值或下降率、严重污染天数上限、达标天数下限等指标。通过历史数据分析法研究了2000—2013年美国、日本一些城市和2013—2016年中国74个环保城市PM_(2.5)年均浓度的变化趋势,推论出中国城市PM_(2.5)年均浓度年均下降5%~8%是可能实现的;结合环境保护部及各省市PM_(2.5)污染防治规划,提出PM_(2.5)空气质量改善目标的设定原则和达标天数的回归计算方法;以2014年114个城市PM_(2.5)年均浓度为基数,计算得出不同污染程度城市2020、2025、2030年PM_(2.5)年均浓度年下降率和达标天数的目标值。The PM（2.5）air quality of most cities in China failed to meet Grade II national air quality standards,and PM（2.5）pollution level varied greatly among different types of cities.In order to improve the overall air quality across the country,it is necessary to set phased-in targets for the cities at different pollution levels.Firstly,ambient air quality standards and guidelines for PM（2.5）of WHO,the European Union and some developed countries were reviewed systematically,and target indicators of PM（2.5）air quality improvement were suggested in this paper,including the annual mean concentration or reduction in concentration,upper limit of the number of serious pollution days,lower limit of the number of days that the 24 hour mean PM（2.5）concentration meets Grade II national air quality standard and so on.Secondly,the PM（2.5）air quality trends of the US and Japan in 2000-2013 were analyzed emphatically as well as the recent four-years＇ changes of PM（2.5）concentration of 74 key cities in China,which indicates there exists the possibility to reduce the annual mean PM（2.5）concentration by 5%-8% every year in China.Finally,combined with the planning requirements from the central and local governments,the target values of PM（2.5）reduction in concentrations and number of days meeting Grade II national air quality standards for 2020,2025 and 2030 for all the cities at different pollution levels in China were put forward.

关 键 词：中国 城市 PM2.5 空气质量标准 改善目标 

分 类 号：X823[环境科学与工程—环境工程]