明代佛郎机铳核心技术特征及其转变研究  

Research on the Technical Features and Their Transformation of Folangki Cannon in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：赵凤翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学马克思主义学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2017年第3期31-39,共9页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目:中国计量史(项目批准号:15ZDB030)

摘　　要：自明正德年间初传中国,至崇祯初年(1628年)其地位被红夷炮所取代,佛郎机铳是这一历史时期明代应用最为广泛的西洋火器,在明末军事技术领域占据极为重要的地位。明代仿制的佛郎机具备三大核心技术特征:核心结构特征——子母铳的结构,关键制约因素——母铳铳长不超过六尺,核心技术参数——子铳长径比在10左右或以下。而佛郎机的核心技术特征,伴随更为先进的火器出现,又发生着分化。1568年左右,轻型佛郎机被鸟铳所取代,明代仿制的佛郎机铳逐渐向重型佛郎机炮集中。至萨尔浒之役后,红夷大炮填补了佛郎机在超大型火器(铳长六尺以上)上的空白。崇祯元年,明廷仿制出与重型佛郎机炮体型相当的红夷炮,佛郎机逐渐退出历史舞台。From the early Zhengde years to the beginning of Chongzhen years（1628）, Folangki cannon was the most widely used western firearms of this historical period .It had occupied a very important position in the military technology of late Ming dynasty. Folangki cannon of the Ming dynasty has three core technical features： the core structure characteristic： son-and-mother structure, the key constraint： the length of the mother cannon were no more than six chi, the core technology parameter： the ratio of length and diameter of the son cannon are at around 10 or less. And these three core technical features changed with more advanced firearms appearing. Around 1568, light Folangki cannon was replaced by musket. Since then, Folangki cannons of Ming dynasty gradually concentrated heavy Folangki cannon. And after the battle of Saerhu, European artillery had been made to fill the gap in large firearms （more than six chi long spear）. Since the first year of Chongzhen, the European artillery of the similar size with heavy Folangki cannon was manufactured, Folangki cannon gradually withdrew from the stage of history.

关 键 词：佛郎机 技术特征 子母铳 母铳铳长 长径比 

分 类 号：N0[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]