应用分子标记辅助选育甘蓝型油菜杂交种的可行性  

Application of molecular marker in hybrid breeding of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.):A feasibility study

作　　者：倪西源[1] 黄吉祥[1] 柳寒[1] 潘兵[2] 赵坚义[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所,植物有害生物防控国家重点实验室省部共建培育基地,杭州310021 [2]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院作物科学研究所,杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2017年第2期173-182,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101300);浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02050-8);浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地项目(2010DS700124-KF1506,2015-cxzt-05)

摘　　要：通过研究甘蓝型油菜不育系和恢复系间的遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性,探讨在应用油菜不育系选育杂交种过程中借助分子标记筛选理想恢复系的可行性。利用分布在甘蓝型油菜19条染色体上的66个分子标记对2个不育系(湘油15A和MSL72A)和26个品种(系)进行遗传多样性分析,进而分析遗传距离和杂种优势的相关性。结果发现,66个分子标记共获得254个多态性位点;聚类分析结果与品种(系)的区域特性相一致,26个材料被清晰地划分为4个类群:长江中下游地区,黄淮区,欧洲冬油菜和欧洲春油菜;杂交种双亲间遗传距离与超父本优势的相关性达到极显著水平,在湘油15A和MSL72A配制的F1杂种中,相关系数分别为0.647**和0.622**;此外,父本产量与杂种产量的相关性也达到极显著水平,相关系数分别为0.732**和0.615**。总之,与不育系具有较远的遗传距离、分属不同群组的恢复系容易配制出综合性状好、产量高的杂交组合;利用分子标记辅助筛选恢复系,可以提高选育获得强优势杂交组合的效率。Summary Comparing to open-pollinated varieties, rapeseed hybrids had an obvious heterosis in seed yield and adaptation to environment. In the procedure of hybrid breeding, it is very important to select the male and female parents, which greatly affects the hybrid performance. For the traditional method of hybrid breeding, the selection of parent lines for combination is random, which lacks foreseeability of the hybrid performance. Application of marker-assisted selection （MAS） can enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the selection, and shorten the period of breeding program. Therefore, this study aims to introduce MAS into the procedure of hybrid breeding in rapeseed, and to enhance the efficiency of breeding elite hybrids with good performance. In the present study, two male sterile lines and 26 cultivars （lines） were analyzed with 66 molecular markers. These makers were distributed on 19 chromosomes of Brassica napus and each chromosome contributed 2 to 4 markers. The two male sterile lines, MSL72A and Xiangyou 15A （XY15A）, belong to a kind of genic male sterile （GMS） system named 9012A in rapeseed. The 26 cultivars （lines） included 19 semi-winter type cultivars （lines） from China, 4 winter type and 3 spring type cuhivars （lines） from Germany. Fifty-two hybrids were derived by crossing the two male sterile lines with the 26 cultivars （lines）. A dendrogram was established based on UPGMA （unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means） cluster analysis. Nei72 distance between two male sterile lines and 26 cuhivars （lines） was calculated, and the correlation between genetic distance and heterosis of hybrid performance was analyzed. The results showed that 254 polymorphic loci were derived from the 66 markers and each marker had a mean of 3.9 polymorphic loci. The mean genetic distance between XY15A and the 26 cultivars （lines） was 0.56, and the maximum and minimum genetic distances were 0.15 and 0.80, respectively. The mean genetic distance between MSL72A and th

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 杂种优势 分子标记 遗传距离 杂种优势群 

分 类 号：S334.5[农业科学—作物遗传育种]