基于SPEI的辽西地区气象干旱时空分布特征  

Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of meteorological drought in western region of Liaoning Province based on standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index

作　　者：何鑫[1,2,3] 吴吉东[1,2,3] 李颖[4] 冯玉[4] HE Xin WU Ji-dong LI Ying FENG Yu(Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Namral Disaster, MOE ,Beijing Normal University ,Beijing 100875, China Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, MCA＆MOE, Beijing 100875, China School of Urban and Environmental Sciences ,Liaoning Normal University ,Dalian 116029 ,Liaoning , China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学民政部教育部减灾与应急管理研究院,北京100875 [4]辽宁师范大学城市与环境学院,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2017年第2期340-347,共8页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目课题(2016YFA0602403);国家自然科学基金项目(41571492)

摘　　要：干旱是辽西地区最为频繁的自然灾害之一,已严重制约人们的生活和经济发展。以辽宁省西部作为研究区域,借助该区8个气象站点1960-2015年逐月气温、降水数据,计算年、季、月时间尺度的标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),并进行Mann-Kendall趋势变化和Arc GIS空间可视化分析,揭示了辽西地区近56 a气象干旱的时间变化趋势,以及干旱频率和干旱强度的空间分布特征。结果表明:近56 a辽西地区干旱发生频率呈现上升趋势,尤其是21世纪以来;季节干旱变化趋势不甚明显,各季节均有干旱发生,其中秋季干旱最严重;辽西各地区均有干旱发生,在年尺度、季尺度和月尺度下发生频率分布不均,总体呈西部频率高东部频率低的趋势;21世纪以来发生连续干旱次数较多,干旱发生强度呈现西南强,东北弱的分布特征,高值中心在建平。Drought is one of the frequent natural disasters in the western region of Liaoning Province,and has seriously limited the production and living of people and economic development. In this paper,taking the western region of Liaoning Province as the research object,the daily temperature and precipitation data from 1961 to2015 were collected to calculate the Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index（SPEI）at different scales in one month,three months and twelve months. Combined with M-K method and Arc GIS spatial visualized analysis,temporal evolution tendency,frequency and intensity of drought occurrence distribution features of the region were revealed. The results show as follows：（1）Drought in western region of Liaoning Province began in 1968,and the drought frequency increased later;there were three times of continuous drought in 1960-2015,and the most serious one happened from 2000 to 2002. SPEI index decreased by 0.12·（10 a）-1in recent 56 years,indicating the increasing trend of drought. At the 0.05 significance level,mutation began in 1995. At seasonal scale,drought occurred in spring and summer were more serious,but the general trend was relatively stable. Autumn linear trend declined significantly,in contrast,it showed a slight rise tendency in winter. Interannual variation of seasonal drought showed fluctuation change.（2）The drought frequency showed different distribution at different scales in the western region of Liaoning Province. The frequency occurred at annual scale（22%-32%）was all less than that at month scale（33%-37%）,Jianping was the high value center. Frequency in summer and autumn was higher,and the maximum value was above 35%;both of them decreased progressively from southeast to northwest,the high value center was Jinzhou. The drought intensity was strong in the southwest and weak in the northeast,the strongest place was Jianping（24%）. The temporal distribution shows that,Jianping and Chaoyang had the most times of continuous drought,however,the longest tim

关 键 词：气象干旱 SPEI指数 时空分布 辽西地区 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]