新疆野生油菜和西德黑芥核型的比较研究  

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE KARYOTYPE OF WILD RAPE IN XlNJIAN AND JUNTUS (Brassia nigra)

作　　者：肖成汉[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学,430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》1989年第4期297-301,共5页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

摘　　要：本文研究了新疆野生油菜和从西德引进的黑芥品种“尤嫩斯(Juntus)的核型。新疆野生油菜的核型公式为:2n=2x=18=18m(2—4SAT),属1A核型。西德黑芥(Brassica nigra)的核型公式为:2n=2x=16=16m(4SAT),也属1A核型。二者染色体数目、随体染色体数存在明显的差別,在染色体长度比值方面,也存在差异,因此认为二者不是同一物种。The karyotype of wild rape in Xinjian was studied and compared with that of Juntus ( B. nigra ) which was introduced from West Germany. The results were as follows: the karyotype formula of wild rape in Xinjian is K(2n) = 2x=18=18m(2-4SAT) and that of Juntus is K(2n) = 2x=16 = 16m(4SAT). The chromosomes of both rapes are small, and the karyotypes belong to '1A' type by Stebbias karyotypic classification.Comparison of the karyotype of wild rape in Xinjian with that of Juntus revealed some obvious differences. The number of chromosome is 2n = 18 in the wild rape rape of Xinjian and 2n=16 in Juntus the former has 1-2 pairs of sat-chromosomes while the latter has 2 pairs of sat-chromosomes. Funther more chromosomes of the wild rape were shorter and less diverse than those of Juntus.The author suggests that the wild rape in Xinjian may belong to a different species from juntus. It is speculated that there exist another course of evolution for the mustard type rape ( B. juncea 2n=36), i.e. it originated from the Xinjian wild rape underwent natural chromosome doubling and changed chromosome structure followed by long term natural selection.

关 键 词：芸苔属 油菜 核型 

分 类 号：S565.403.2[农业科学—作物学]