伯力士在日军实施常德细菌战后的防疫工作初探  

On Robert Pollitzer's Job in Changde Biological Warfare

作　　者：张华[1] ZHANG Hua(College of Literature and History, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院文史学院,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《北京联合大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2017年第2期61-67,共7页Journal of Beijing Union University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金特别委托项目"中国南方地区侵华日军细菌战研究(湖南及周边地区)"(项目编号:14@ZH025);湖南省社会科学基金重点项目"中国南方侵华日军细菌战资料搜集与整理研究"(项目编号:16ZDB62)

摘　　要：1941年11月,日军对常德发动鼠疫细菌战。国际顶尖的鼠疫防疫专家伯力士从1941年12月,开始主持为期一年多时间的常德鼠疫防疫工作,他在从技术层面证实常德鼠疫为日军所为、检查鼠蚤预测鼠疫流行趋势、主持常德鼠疫防疫工作以及培养鼠疫防疫和医疗人才等方面努力工作。1943年春,常德鼠疫没有再次爆发流行,防疫战取得阶段性胜利。这一胜利成功阻断了鼠疫传染源,保卫了包括重庆在内的周边地区的卫生安全,彻底粉碎了日军的细菌战图谋。伯力士作为外籍专家在常德鼠疫防控战斗中发挥了关键作用,为中国抗日战争时期的防疫工作作出了杰出贡献。Japanese army launched Changde biological warfare in November, 1941. Robert Pollitzer, as a world - leading plague epidemic prevention expert, took charge of plague epidemic prevention since December, 1941. His job included obtaining biological warfare evidence, calculating a new outbreak by examining the rats and fleas, and being a stewardship of plague epidemic prevention and training anti - epidemic talents. In April, 1943, there was no plague epidemic in Changde, and plague epidemic prevention war triumphed. This win interrupted the source of infection, safeguarded the sanitary security of surrounding region including Chongqing, and shattered Japanese biological war scheme. Robert Pollitzer, as a foreign expert, played a pivotal role in Changde plague epidemic prevention war.

关 键 词：伯力士 常德细菌战 鼠疫防疫 国统区 

分 类 号：K265.606[历史地理—历史学]