中国典型代表城市空气污染特征及其与气象参数的关系  

Characteristics of air pollution and its relationship with meteorological parameters in typical representative cities of China

作　　者：张莹[1] 贾旭伟[2] 杨旭[3] 王式功[1] 程一帆[3] 杨柳[1] 肖丹华[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院 [2]中国人民解放军93544部队 [3]兰州大学大气科学学院

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2017年第2期70-79,共10页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106034);上海市气象与环境重点实验室开放基金课题(QXJK201601);国家自然科学基金项目(41075103);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41275070);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41575138)共同资助

摘　　要：基于2000年6月至2013年8月中国120个环境保护重点城市的空气污染逐日监测数据及同期地面气象观测资料和探空资料,分析了中国典型代表城市的空气质量状况及其与污染气象参数的相关性。结果表明:中国典型代表城市的AQI整体呈由北向南减小的空间分布特征,北方城市API的季节分布呈"冬高夏低"型,且变幅明显大于南方城市。北方城市的逆温层厚度整体较南方城市高,且代表城市的逆温层厚度在年际尺度上均呈"U"型分布,并呈现"冬半年强夏半年弱"的特点。中国典型代表城市最大混合层厚度与逆温层厚度呈反位相关系,北方和南方地区高海拔城市最大混合层厚度较高,变幅大;南方地区低海拔城市则相反。污染气象参数与API关系密切。可见,北方城市冬季污染重,是由取暖引起的污染排放量增加和由污染气象参数反映的大气边界层扩散能力降低双重作用造成的,可以为空气污染潜势预报提供参考。Based on the daily air pollution monitoring data of 120 environmental protection key cities in China as well as surface meteorological data and sounding data from June of 2000 to August of 2013, the characteristics of air quality situation in typical representative cities of China and its relationship with meteorological parameters were analyzed. The results show that the spatial distribution of API （ Air Pollution Index） in China has a trend of reduc- ing from the north to the south. The seasonal distribution of API in northern cities presents a pattern of ＂ winter high and summer low＂, and the amplitude of API variation in northern cities is significantly greater than that in southern cities. The temperature inversion layer thickness in northern cities is basically higher than that in southern cities, and temperature inversion layer thickness in representative cities shows a ＂U＂ pattern on an annual scale and has characteristics of strong in the winter half year and weak in the summer half year. The maximum mixing layer thickness and inversion layer thickness change in an inverse phase. The maximum thickness of mixing layer and its amplitude in high-altitude cities in the northern and southern regions are large, while those in low-altitude cities in the southern region are small. Meteorology parameters of air pollution have a close relation with API. Heavy poilu- tion in northern cities during winter results from both of the increase of the pollutant emission due to heating and the reduction of diffusion capacity in the atmospheric boundary layer that can be reflected by the pollution meteorological parameters. It could provide a reference for the potential prediction of air pollution.

关 键 词：API 空气质量 最大混合层厚度 逆温 气象参数 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]