黄河流域河水水化学组成的时间和空间变化特征  

Spatial and temporal variations in hydrochemical composition of river water in Yellow River Basin,China

作　　者：何姜毅[1] 张东[2,3] 赵志琦[3] 

机构地区：[1]陇东学院能源工程学院,甘肃庆阳745000 [2]河南理工大学资源环境学院,河南焦作454000 [3]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550002

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第5期1390-1401,共12页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41573095;41173030)资助

摘　　要：选择我国黄河流域河水作为研究对象,分别在上游唐乃亥和青铜峡站,中游花园口站和下游的济南站对河水进行为期2年的逐月采样。分析河水主要离子浓度时空变化特征,探讨自然因素和人为活动对河水水化学组成的控制作用。结果表明:(1)黄河流域不同站点河水pH值变化范围6.90~9.00,均值为7.94,TDS值变化范围为178~685 mg·L^(-1),均值为453 mg·L^(-1),河水pH均值呈现从上游到下游逐渐降低的趋势,TDS均值呈现从上游到下游逐渐增加的趋势;(2)黄河流域不同站点河水水化学类型差异明显,上游唐乃亥站河水水化学类型以HCO3-Ca型为主,青铜峡和花园口站点河水水化学类型以HCO_3-SO_4-Ca-Na型为主,花园口站点个别月份河水水化学类型变为SO_4-Ca-Mg型和Cl-Na型,济南站点河水水化学类型以HCO_3-SO_4-Na-Ca型为主,个别月份河水水化学类型变为ClNa型;(3)黄河流域不同站点受降雨稀释作用影响,丰水期(7月份和8月份)河水溶解性离子含量普遍偏低,在冬季(12月份左右)和冰融期(3月份左右)河水溶解性离子含量普遍偏高;(4)黄河流域河水水化学组成主要受到自然因素控制,其中上游唐乃亥站点河水受碳酸盐岩矿物化学风化影响较大,同时硫酸参与碳酸盐岩矿物化学风化;进入黄土高原区后,受硅酸盐岩矿物风化和蒸发盐岩矿物溶解影响增加。下游花园口和济南站河水5月份和6月份左右NO_3^-含量略微升高可能与农田灌溉回水有关。We seasonally collected river water samples at four stations along the Yellow River basin, namely Tangnaihai and Qingtongxia stations （upstream）, Huayuankou station （middle stream）, and Jinan station （downstream） for a period of two years. Major ion concentrations in the river water samples were determined to illustrate possible controlling roles of natural factors and anthropogenic activities. The results showed that： （1） The pH value of river water in different stations in the Yellow River basin ranged from 6.90 to 9.00 with a mean value of 7.94, and TDS values varied from 178 to 685 mg·L-1, with an average value of 453 mg·L-1. The average pH values decreased and TDS values increased along the flow path; （2） The water hydrochemical types varied at different stations. The water hydrochemical type was mainly HCO3-Ca at Tangnaihai station, while HCO3SO4-Ca-Na at both Qingtongxia and Huayuankou stations with SO4 Ca-Mg and Cl-Na at Huayuankou station in some months, and HCO3-SO4Na-Ca at Jinan station with Cl-Na in some months; （3） The dissolved ion concentrations varied in different seasons. The values were often low in flood seasons, mainly in July and August, due to the dilution of rainwater, and high in winter （December） and ice melting （March） seasons; （4） The results of this study suggested that variations in water chemical compositions in Yellow River basin are mainly controlled by natural factors. Carbonate weathering dominates at Tangnaihai station with sulfur acid acting. As the river flows into Loess Plateau, the silicate weathering and evaporite dissolution become dominant. Nitrate concentrations increased slightly in May and June at Huayuankou and Jinan stations, possibly related to agricultural irrigation.

关 键 词：黄河流域 水化学组成 时空变化 控制因素 

分 类 号：P342[天文地球—水文科学]