自动剖面浮标研究现状及展望  

Research Status and Prospects of Automatic Profiling Floats

作　　者：陈鹿[1,2] 潘彬彬[1,2] 曹正良[1,2] 崔维成[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院深渊科学与技术研究中心,上海201306 [2]上海深渊科学工程技术研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋技术学报》2017年第2期1-9,共9页Journal of Ocean Technology

基　　金：上海市科委科技创新行动计划资助项目(14DZ1205500;15DZ1207000);上海深渊科学工程技术研究中心筹建项目(14DZ2250900);上海深渊科学工程技术研究中心(筹)开放基金资助项目--大深度剖面浮标浮力调节系统研究;国家自然科学基金资助项目(41374147)

摘　　要：回顾了自动剖面浮标的发展历程,自动剖面浮标由Swollow提出的中性浮子发展而来,演变到现在的PROVOR型、APEX型、SOLO型等自动剖面浮标。文中介绍了Argo计划中几种主要的自动剖面浮标,其浮力调节原理主要是通过改变浮标在水中的排水体积实现自动沉浮,从而测量水的温度、盐度、深度等数据。对常规(<2 000 m)和深海(>2 000 m)自动剖面浮标进行比较,大部分深海自动剖面浮标耐压结构已经采用球形设计,浮标受压后变形小且可减轻浮标自重;单冲程柱塞泵改变为体积较小的液压泵,提供超高压的同时可以充分利用球体空间。目前,常规自动剖面浮标已广泛应用到海洋环境数据的调查、收集,而深海自动剖面浮标仍处于研发与试验阶段,面临诸多的技术挑战,对浮标的可靠性提出了更高的要求。This paper reviews the development process of automatic profiling floats,which has evolved from neutral floats proposed by Swollow to currently used PROVOR,APEX and SOLO type automatic profiling floats.Then this paper introduces several major automatic profiling floats of the Argo Plan. Their buoyancy regulation principles is mainly based on changing the displacement volumes of the floats to control the motion,so as to measure the water temperature,salinity,depth and other data. Compared with the design of deep-sea automatic profiling float（〉2000 m） and conventional float（〈2000 m）,most of the pressure-proof structures of deep-sea automatic profiling floats have been designed in a spherical shape,the float thus has small deformation and lighter weight under enormous pressure; The single stroke plunger pump is replaced by a smaller hydraulic pump,in order to provide ultrahigh pressure and make full use of the sphere space. At present,the conventional automatic profiling floats have been widely used in the investigation and collection of marine environmental data,while the deep-sea automatic profiling floats are still in the development and testing stage. The floats still face many technical challenges,and more strict requirements have been put forward for the reliability of the automatic profiling floats.

关 键 词：自动剖面浮标 发展历程 浮力调节 技术挑战 发展方向 

分 类 号：P715.2[天文地球—海洋科学]