投标竞争、企业群体性败德与集中采购绩效  

Bidding Competition,Collective Immoral Actions and the Performance of Centralized Procurement

作　　者：吴汉洪[1] 周孝[1] WU Han-hong ZHOU Xiao(Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872

出　　处：《经济管理》2017年第5期50-68,共19页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：中国人民大学2015年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划;国家社会科学基金项目"食品防护情境下内部举报行为之激励机制研究"(15BJL032)

摘　　要：本文从企业群体性败德这一视角出发,探讨药品集中采购绩效低下的原因以及可行的改进措施。研究表明,片面追求低价格的原有招标模式本身存在的缺陷以及相应出现的正向激励不足,是药品集中采购制度失效的根本原因。相比之下,价格与质量并重的双信封制是更加合理、有效的集中采购模式。当然,在推广双信封制时,必须同时完善与实施质量审核、资质评定、信息公开、监管执法、创新补贴等配套制度与措施。特别地,设置价格下限、质量分层招标等举措有助于抑制企业可能采取的败德行为、增强其在规范生产经营与增加创新投入方面的激励,从而切实提高药品集中采购绩效、保证其作用得到充分发挥。It is an important part for the deepening medical and health system reform of China to comprehen- sively push forward the drug centralized procurement in public hospitals. During the past implementation, however, this mechanism was ineffective and widely criticized. So, what is the root cause, the system＇ s intrinsic defects or the enterprises＇ business decisions？ In view of the importance of the drug centralized procurement system, we try to conduct a detailed analysis of this issue. Taking the universality of moral hazard such as fake production into ac- count, we investigate the reasons for the low performance of drug centralized procurement, and discuss feasible countermeasures from the perspective of collective immoral actions. In other words, we regard the enterprises that producing similar drugs as a general team, and then probe the enterprises＇ decisions about prices and quality. Dur- ing the bidding process, the enterprises compete for drug purchase contracts through competitive decision-making. According to the discussion under two kinds of situation, the original mode and two-envelope system, we find that ： （i） the fiercer is the market competition, the lower the bid price, which will lead the immoral action to be u- niversal selection for enterprises to get positive profit ; （ii） when the penalty is not serve, ahnost all enterprises have intrinsic motivation to take immoral actions ; （iii） under the case of two-envelope system, the weight of quali- ty, or its importance relative to quantity, will affect the enterprises＇ choices between formal production and illegal/ improper production; （iv） through implementing reasonable two-envelope system, we can effectively curb enterpri- ses＇ immoral actions that seeking illegal profit and encourage them to improve the drug＇ s quality. The study indi- cates that the design defects of the original mode, such as unilaterally pursuing lower price and insufficient positive incentives, are the fundamental reasons why the drug centrali

关 键 词：药品集中采购 群体性败德 双信封制 价格下限 质量分层 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]