成本强加:美国强化对华竞争的方式探析  

Cost-Imposition: Probe into U.S. Approach of Intensifying Competition Against China

作　　者：阮建平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院 [2]武汉大学"国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心"

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2017年第3期15-28,共14页Northeast Asia Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(11CGJ018);武汉大学人文社会科学青年学者学术团队建设计划资助

摘　　要：虽然合作与竞争依然是美国对华战略的基本框架,但其近年来明显地加强了对中国的竞争压力。一些机构和专家甚至呼吁要重新激活冷战时期的对苏"成本强加战略",以应对中国崛起可能带来的挑战。从广泛意义上讲,成本强加是大国之间一种传统的和平竞争方式。其主要目标就是通过非战争方式增加对手的资源消耗,削弱其行动能力或加剧其资源分配压力,进而改变其具有挑战的行为。从美国关于"空海一体战"、"第三次抵消战略"的讨论到在南海上的行动,可以看到其日益明显的"成本强加"逻辑。美国对华"成本强加战略"无疑将给中国带来复杂的挑战,对其研究有助于中国深入理解美国对华竞争战略的逻辑、边界和目标,为保持战略定力,制定针对性应对措施,有效整合国家发展战略和国际竞争战略提供有益启示。Although cooperation and competition have remained as the basic bi-poles of the American Strategy toward China,the competition pressure against China has been intensified gradually in recent years.Some American institutes and experts have even called for reactivating the cost-imposing strategy,which had been used to compete with the former Soviet Union,to cope with the possible challenges that may come from a rising China.From a broad perspective,the cost-imposing strategy has been a traditional peaceful approach for competition between great powers,which aim to increase the adversary's burden,weaken its capability or intensify the pressure on its resource distribution,and finally change its behavior through non-war methods.Both the debates on'Air-Sea Battle',the'Third Offset Strategy'and the provocative behavior in South China Sea have served to increasingly underline the logic of the cost-imposing strategy.There is no doubt that it will pose complicated challenges to China.Accordingly,a probe into it will help to deepen China's understanding of the logic,limits,and aims of U.S.competition strategy against China,which is of great significance for China to keep its strategy focused and to formulate well-tailored countermeasures through integrating the strategies of competition and development.

关 键 词：成本强加 美国 空海一体战 第三次抵消 中国 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]