南繁区大豆田杂草分布与防治  

Distribution,Prevention and Control of Weeds in Soybean Fields of Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication Area

作　　者：刘延[1] 沈奕德[1] 李晓霞[1] 王亚[1] 黄乔乔[1] 范志伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农业部儋州农业环境科学观测实验站/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口571101

出　　处：《杂草学报》2016年第4期18-22,共5页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项(编号:201403075);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(编号:2016hzs1J019)

摘　　要：经对海南省南繁区陵水、三亚、乐东9地块的大豆田间杂草调查统计,发现杂草18科,共32种。各个科之间相对多度比较结果显示,最高的是菊科50.48%,其次是禾本科47.83%、茜草科41.63%、莎草科33.99%。杂草种群中优势杂草为香附子、墨苜蓿和牛筋草,田间密度达到38株/m^2以上,亚优势杂草种类为臭矢菜、鳢肠、马齿苋、刺苞果、虎掌藤、假臭草、少花龙葵。苗前可选用金都尔,苗后根据优势杂草种类选择合理的化学除草剂可以起到节本增效的作用,保障南繁育制种工作的可持续发展。Thirty-two weed species belonging to 18 families were found by surveying and investigating in nine plots of soybean fields of Lingshui,Sanya,and Ledong of Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication( HNBM) area. Asteraceae were most abundant( 50. 5%),followed by Poaceae( 47. 8%),Rubiaceae( 41. 6%),and Cyperaceae( 34. 0%).The dominant weed species were Cyperus rotundus L.,Richardia brasiliensis Gomez and Eleusine indica( L.) Gaertn.,whose field density reached more than 38 plants per square meter. The sub dominant weed species were Cleome viscosa L.,Eclipta prostrata( L.) L.,Portulaca oleracea L.,Ipomoea pes-tigridis L.,Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp,Solanum nigrum L. var. puciflorum Liou. Dual Gold( s-metolachlor) could be the herbicide of choice before seedlings emerge. Choosing reasonable chemicals could play the role in cost efficiency according to the dominant weed species after seedlings emerge,ensuring sustainable development of HNBM.

关 键 词：南繁区 大豆 杂草分布 防治方法 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]