饲喂次数对全自动挤奶系统奶牛采食量、泌乳性能和反刍时间的影响  

Effects of frequency of feed delivery on feed intake,milking performance and rumination time of dairy cows in automatic milking systems

作　　者：刘辉[1,2] 丛慧敏[1] 吕中旺[2] 乔绿[1] 韩广文[1] 楚康康[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京奶牛中心,北京朝阳100192 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京海淀100193

出　　处：《中国饲料》2017年第9期10-13,共4页China Feed

基　　金：国家863计划课题"奶牛重要经济性状的功能基因组学研究"(2013AA102504);现代奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队岗位专家课题

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲喂次数对全自动挤奶系统(AMS)奶牛采食量、泌乳性能和反刍时间的影响。选取32头体重相近、处于泌乳中期、日均产奶量相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛分为2组,分别为FF1组:日给饲1次(8∶30)和FF2组:日给饲2次(8∶30和17∶30),每组16头(初产牛和经产牛各8头)。预试期10 d,正式期56 d。试验结果表明:FF2组每头奶牛比FF1组多采食颗粒精料0.79 kg/d,全混合日粮(TMR)少采食0.92 kg/d,差异极显著(P<0.01),但总干物质采食量(DMI)差异不显著(P>0.05);两组奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、非脂乳固形物和体细胞数均差异不显著(P>0.05);和FF1组相比,FF2组奶牛挤奶间隔时间缩短了1.17 h/d,挤奶频率增加了0.5次/d,挤奶平均持续时间缩短了0.5 min/次,门通道次数增加了3.49次/d,且均差异极显著(P<0.01);两组奶牛的反刍时间无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,采用AMS挤奶时,TMR的日给饲次数由1次增加到2次时对奶牛的采食量和生产性能没有显著影响,但对挤奶相关参数有明显的改善,促进了奶牛流向,提高了AMS的运行效率。The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feed delivery frequency on feed intake,milking performance and rumination time of lactating dairy cows in automatic milking systems （AMS）.A total of 32 freestall-housed healthy lactating Holstein dairy cows,with similar weight and mean milk production in mid-lactation,were exposed to 2 treatments including 8 primiparous and 8 multiparous, respectively.Treatments included feed delivery frequency of 1×/ d（at 08：30, FF 1）and 2×/d （at 08：30 and 17：30, FF2 ）.The pretest lasted for 10 days and the test lasted for 56 days.The results showed that the comsumption of concentrate feed in FF2 group were more 0.79 kg/d than that in F F 1 group and TMR less 0.92 kg/d than FF 1 cows（P 〈 0.01）, but have no significant differences in total DMI （P 〉 0.05）.There were no difference in the milk yield,milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage, non-fat milk solids, and somatic cell counts between the two treatments （P〉 0.05）.Cows in the FF2 group had substantially lower milking interval length （1.17 h/d less ） ,more milking frequency （0.5 milking more per cow per day）, shorter milking duration （0.5 minutes less per cow per day）and more daily passages in gates（3.49 passages more per cow per day）compared with FF1 cows, and they all had significant difference（P 〈 0.01）.There was no significant difference in the total rumination time （P 〉 0.05）.The results indicated that feed delivery fre-quency raised from 1×/d to 2×/d had no effect on total DMI,milk yield, composition, or rumination time, but the milking pa-rameters had improved,which may reflect a promotion in cows traffic and operational efficiency of AMS.

关 键 词：奶牛 全自动挤奶系统 饲喂次数 泌乳性能 反刍时间 

分 类 号：S821.4[农业科学—畜牧学]