基于两段收获的螺杆弓齿轴流式花生摘果装置研究  

Axial-flowing Peanut Picking Device with Spiral Bow-teethes Based on Two Stage-harvesting

作　　者：陈丽娟[1] 陈中玉[1,2] 高连兴[1] 安家新 宁世祥 吕长义[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110161 [2]盐城工业职业技术学院汽车工程学院,江苏盐城224005

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2016年第5期581-588,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51575367;50775151);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20122103110009)

摘　　要：针对现有花生摘果装置普遍存在损伤率高且秧蔓易缠绕、堵塞和排秧困难等问题,以及满足我国两段式花生收获的捡拾摘果联合收获机摘果装置研究需要,提出了基于两段收获的螺杆弓齿轴流式花生摘果机方案并设计研制出摘果样机,螺杆以及焊接其上的弓齿与摘果滚筒母线之间均设计为一定的夹角,使花生植株在摘果过程中受到轴向力作用而不断向排草口运动;确定了弓齿齿迹距、齿间距等结构参数以及弓齿的排列方式;为了及时、顺利地完成摘果功能,根据花生荚果外形尺寸、花生随滚筒转动而产生的荚果惯性力、摘果部件的主动力和凹板筛的约束力等因素,设计了凹板筛整体形状与半径大小、筛孔的形状与大小;通过调整伸入套管之中的滚筒轴连接杆相对伸入量,实现摘果间隙在20～40mm之间可调。为检验摘果装置性能与设计合理性,选取晾晒3d的花育30为研究对象,以喂入量、摘果间隙和滚筒转速为试验因素,以摘净率和损伤率为试验指标,采用正交试验方法对摘果样机进行性能试验。试验结果表明：当喂入量为0.5kg·s-1、摘果间隙为25mm、滚筒转速为550r·min-1时,摘净率为99.13%,损伤率为1.56%,符合农业部发布的花生行业标准（NY/T 993-2006）,满足实际生产要求。本研究结果可为深入研究花生摘果装置,实现花生两段收获提供重要参考价值。Current peanut picking device has some general problems, such as high picking damage rate, plants twining, blocking and difficulty of straw removal. For solving these problems and for the research of two-stage peanut harvest picking device, two bow tooth screw axial flow peanut picker was designed. There was an angle between the picking cylinder generatrix and the bow tooth welding on the screw. The peanut plant was driven by the axial force to move to the mouth of straw removal in the process of picking. The distance between the bow tooth movement, the gap between bow teeth were designed, and the arrangement of bow tooth was determined. In order to pick up successfully in time, according to the size of peanut, the inertia force was produced by peanut pod rotating with roller, the main power of picking component, the constraining force of concave grid, the size and shape of concave grid were designed by adjusting the length of drum shaft connection rod in the case, making the gap between 20 and 40 mm. In order to test the function and design rationality, peanut Huayu 30 after drying for 3 days was selected as the research object. Orthogonal Test Method was used to test the performance of the picker with the feeding amount, picking gap and cylinder speed as test factors, with peanut picking rate and peanut damage rate of mechanical picking as the test indexes. The results showed when the feed amount was 0.5kg·s-1, picking gap 25 mm, cylinder speed 550 r·min-1,the picking rate was 99.13%, damage rate 1.56%. It conformed to the peanut industry standard（NY/T 993-2006） of Agriculture Ministry, meeting the requirements of production. The results can provide reference for the design and optimization theory of peanut picking machine.

关 键 词：花生 摘果装置 螺杆 弓齿 性能试验 

分 类 号：S225.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]