不同养殖模式蛋鸭疫病的检测与分析  

Detection and analysis for the epidemic diseases of laying ducks in different breeding models

作　　者：傅秋玲[1] 黄瑜[1] 程龙飞[1] 卢立志[2] 刘荣昌[1] 张青[3] 傅光华[1] 万春和[1] 沈军达[2] 施少华[1] 田勇[2] 陈红梅[1] 陈珍[1] 陈翠腾[1] 朱春华[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所福建省畜禽疫病防治工程技术研究中心福建省禽病防治重点实验室,福建福州350013 [2]浙江省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,浙江杭州310000 [3]福建省南平市延平区赤门畜牧兽医站,福建南平353024

出　　处：《中国兽医杂志》2017年第3期6-9,共4页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：福建省优良蛋鸭品种与设施化养殖创新产业化工程项目(2014-2016);现代农业(水禽)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-43);福建省畜禽疫病防控技术重大研发平台(2014N2003);福建省公益类科研院所专项(2015R1023-2);福建省农业科学院"双百"行动项目(sbmx1625);福建省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所基金项目(MYQJ2015-6)

摘　　要：自2013年初以来,对闽赣两省相近区域内的部分舍内地面加水域圈养、舍内地面饲养、网床小栏饲养和笼养4种模式下的同一品种开产蛋鸭群发生的疫病开展了定点跟踪调查和病毒性、细菌性疫病感染检测,发现4种不同养殖模式的蛋鸭疫病感染率、发生的疫病种类及同一疫病的严重程度均存在较大差异,其中以舍内地面加水域圈养模式的蛋鸭病毒性和细菌性疫病感染率最高达84.4%,发生的疫病种类最多达10种,发生同一种疫病时感染的阳性率更高(如禽坦布苏病毒感染阳性高达22.9%),致病菌的耐药谱更宽(如分离鉴定的大肠杆菌耐10种及以上药物的菌株占84.2%);而网床小栏饲养、笼养两种模式下的蛋鸭发生的疫病种类相对较少,为5~6种,其主要疫病为禽坦布苏病毒病、禽流感和大肠杆菌病,尤其是笼养蛋鸭发生病毒性和细菌性疫病感染率为26.5%、发生同一种疫病时感染的阳性率最低(如致病性大肠杆菌感染的阳性仅为7.8%)。以上结果表明,蛋鸭养殖模式的良莠与疫病发生的种类及其感染的程度直接相关,可见促进蛋鸭养殖模式的转型升级是防控疫病重要的生物安全举措。The epidemic situation of the laying ducks was investigated in some areas in Fujian and Jiangxi provinces at the beginning of 2013,including captive breeding on ground with water,captive breeding on the ground,feeding on the bed nets and feeding in the cage. The results showed that there were significant differences in the infection rate,disease types and severity of the same disease among the four different breeding modes,especially the highest rate of infection（ 84. 4 %）,the highest number of outbreaks（ 10）,the highest positive rate of the same disease such as the positive rate of avian Tambusu virus（ 22. 9 %） and broader spectrum of drug resistance such as more than 10 resistance drugs of Escherichia coli isolates（ 84. 2 %） when captive breeding on ground with water. There are less kinds of diseases of ducks in feeding on the bed nets and feeding in the cage than other feeding patterns,only 5 or 6 kinds of diseases. Meanwhile,the main diseases were avian Tambusu virus disease,avian influenza and Escherichia coli disease. The rate of virus and bacterial infection was 26. 5 % in the feeding in the cage,and the other diseases occur rarely.（ for example pathogenic E. coli infection was only 7. 8 %）. In conclusion,The results show that the breeding patterns of ducks are directly related to the types of the diseases and the degree of infection. Thus,improving the transfor mation and upgrading of duck breeding model are important biological control measures to control the diseases.

关 键 词：养殖模式 蛋鸭 疫病防控 

分 类 号：S858.326[农业科学—临床兽医学]