中低温固体氧化物燃料电池电解质材料研究进展  

Review of the electrolyte materials in medium or low temperature solid oxide fuel cell

作　　者：林旭平[1] 徐舜[1,2] 艾德生[1] 葛奔[3] 彭志坚[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院、清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院先进核能技术协同创新中心,北京100084 [2]中国地质大学(北京)工程技术学院,北京100083 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)机电与信息工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《科技导报》2017年第8期47-53,共7页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2010ZX06901-020);国家自然科学基金项目(51272127,51502153,61274015)

摘　　要：固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种全固态的电化学能量转换装置,它的能量转换效率高达70%,且其尾气中的有毒成分含量极低,是未来化石燃料发电技术的理想选择之一。SOFC具有较宽的工作温度范围,通常在450~1000℃。高温下(800~1000℃)尽管SOFC在燃料选择方面具有更高的灵活性,但是材料性能衰减的加快、运营成本的提高,以及系统的开关速度变慢等一系列缺点也愈加明显。因而,SOFC主要朝着低温化的趋势发展。降低SOFC工作温度最有效的方法是提高固体电解质的电导率,以尽量减少电池的欧姆阻抗。本文综述了萤石型、钙钛矿型和复合型3类固体电解质材料国内外的研究进展,同时展望了未来中低温SOFC电解质材料的研究方向。钙钛矿型电解质材料在中低温下具有较高的纯离子电导率,且具备丰富的改性空间,有望成为将来中低温SOFC电解质材料的首选。The solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC）, a kind of all solid state electrochemical energy conversion device with high energy conversion efficiency （up to 70%） and less environmental pollution, is one of the ideal choice for the fossil fuel power generation technology in the future. The SOFC has a wide operating temperature range of about 450-1000℃. At high temperatures （800-1000℃）, the fuel selection is more flexible, but with a series of problems, such as the more serious material performance attenuation, the higher system cost and the slower switching speed. Thus, reducing the operating temperature of the SOFC becomes an important research target at present. One of the major challenges in reducing the operating temperature of the SOFC is the development of solid electrolyte materials which can provide a sufficient conductivity to make the ohmic loss of the system acceptable during the operation process. In this paper, the research progress of the solid electrolyte materials development for the SOFC is reviewed, including the fluorite type, the perovskite type and the compound type. And the future research directions of the solid electrolyte materials towards medium or low temperature solid oxide fuel cells are discussed. The perovskite type electrolyte material is expected to become the first choice for medium and low temperature SOFC electrolyte materials in future, due to its high ionic conductivity and abundant modified space.

关 键 词：固体氧化物燃料电池 固体电解质 萤石型电解质 钙钛矿型电解质 复合型电解质 

分 类 号：TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]