干旱对胡麻现蕾期光合特性及产量的影响  

Influence of drought stress on photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics of benne at squaring stage

作　　者：何丽[1] 杜彦斌[1] 张金[1] 崔同霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业职业技术学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第4期59-64,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-22);甘肃省教育厅高校导师科研项目(1019-01)

摘　　要：【目的】研究干旱处理对2个抗旱性不同的胡麻品种现蕾期蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响,以探索合适的抗旱时期,确保胡麻的正常生长和产量。【方法】以抗旱性不同的胡麻品种天亚9号(抗旱性强)和陇亚8号(抗旱性弱)为材料,在大田干旱防雨棚内采用控水的方法模拟干旱处理,设置轻度干旱(LS)、中度干旱(MS)、重度干旱(SS)3个干旱处理和正常灌水处理(CK),于胡麻现蕾期测定不同处理胡麻叶片Gs、Tr及叶绿素荧光参数;在胡麻成熟期进行室内考种,测定不同处理胡麻的农艺性状和产量。【结果】(1)随着干旱胁迫程度的加重,天亚9号和陇亚8号叶片Gs较对照明显降低,蒸腾失水随之降低。(2)在轻度干旱(LS)处理下,天亚9号PSⅡ最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)与CK相比差异均不显著,但陇亚8号上述参数均较CK显著降低;随着干旱胁迫程度的加重,天亚9号和陇亚8号Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和qP明显下降,而非光化学淬灭系数(qN)明显上升,且与CK差异均显著。(3)轻度干旱(LS)处理下,天亚9号和陇亚8号的农艺性状及产量与CK差异不显著;但在重度干旱(SS)处理下,天亚9号产量较CK降低78.41%,陇亚8号产量较CK降低87.40%。【结论】干旱条件下胡麻现蕾期Tr、Gs、各叶绿素荧光参数和产量与干旱胁迫程度紧密相关,在栽培管理中遇轻度干旱胁迫(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量(θf)的60%~70%)时可不必补充水分,但中度(土壤含水量为θf的50%~60%)、重度(土壤含水量为θf的35%~45%)干旱之前应适时适量灌水,以确保胡麻正常生长发育及产量的提高。[Objective] The experiment was conducted to study influence of drought stress on transpiration rate （Tr）, stomatal conductance （Gs）, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of 2 benne varieties with different drought resistances. [Method] Two benne cultivars with different drought resistances, Tianya 9 and Longya 8,were planted in canopy experiments with four experiments including normal drought （CK）, light drought （LS）,moderate drought （MS） and severe drought （SS）. Tr,Gs, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured at squaring stage. During the mature period, the agronomic traits and yields of different varieties were also determined. [Result] 1） With the increase of drought stress, Gs and Tr of Tianya 9 and Longya 8 decreased significantly compared to the CK. 2） The maximum quantum yield （Fv/Fm）, actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ in the light （φPS Ⅱ）and quenching parameter （qP） of Tianya 9 under LS had insignificant difference compared to the CK,while those of Longya 8 decreased significantly. With the increase of drought stress,Fv/Fm,φPS Ⅱ and qP of both Tianya 9 and Longya 8 decreased significantly, while non-photochemical quenching （qN） increased significantly. 3） Under LS, there was no significant difference between agronomical character and yield of Tianya 9 and Longya 8 and the CK. Under SS, yields of Tianya 9 and Longya 8 were decreased by 78. 41% and 87. 40%, respectively. [Conclusion] Tr, Gs, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield of benne were closely related to drought degree. It is not needed to irrigate in case of mild drought （Soil moisture content 60%- 70% of maximum water holding capacity） ,while it is essential to irrigate in case of moderate drought （Soil moisture content 50%--60% of maximum water holding capacity） and severe drought （Soil moisture content 35%--45% of maximum water holding capacity）.

关 键 词：胡麻 气孔导度 蒸腾速率 叶绿素荧光特性 产量 干旱胁迫 

分 类 号：S565.901[农业科学—作物学]