营养液浓度对番茄营养生长期干物质累积及养分吸收的影响  

Effects of nutrient concentration on dry matter accumulation and nutrients absorption of tomato

作　　者：柳美玉[1,2] 曹红霞[1] 杜贞其 杜娅丹 王萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院/旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]沈阳市河务管理处,辽宁沈阳110065 [3]西安理工大学水利水电学院,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第4期119-126,133,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"863"高新技术研究发展计划项目"植物工厂营养液管理与蔬菜品质调控技术装备研究"(2013AA103004)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同浓度营养液对番茄植株营养生长期干物质累积和养分吸收的影响,以获得适宜番茄营养生长的养分浓度,为基质栽培番茄提供理论依据。【方法】以珍珠岩栽培番茄为试验材料,以山东农业大学番茄专用营养液配方标准浓度为1个剂量(S),分别浇施1/3S、2/3S、1S和4/3S4种浓度营养液,并测定植株的株高、茎粗、干物质量和养分(氮、磷、钾、钙、镁)吸收量。【结果】随着营养液浓度的增大,番茄植株的株高、茎粗、干物质量均呈逐渐增大趋势,而根冠比则逐渐减小;番茄各组织器官养分吸收量的总体变化趋势亦随营养液浓度提高而增大,而根系的钙、镁吸收量与总体趋势有所不同,均随营养液浓度的提高先增大后减小,以1S最大;番茄氮、磷、钾、钙、镁的单株累积吸收量均随营养液浓度呈S型曲线变化,能很好地符合Logistic模型,且相关系数R2均达到极显著水平;氮、磷、钾、钙、镁的吸收比例为1∶(0.22~0.25)∶(0.80~0.87)∶(1.21~1.28)∶(0.31~0.34);养分利用率的总体变化趋势随营养液浓度升高而降低,1/3S最大,1S次之,4/3S最小。【结论】总体而言,1S和4/3S营养液浓度处理更有利于番茄植株营养生长期的干物质累积和养分吸收。【Objective】The study investigated the effects of different concentrations of nutrient solution on dry matter accumulation and nutrients absorption of tomato to obtain suitable nutrient concentration for growth of tomato.【Method】Seedlings were planted in perlite substrate and four nutrient solution concentration levels of 1/3S,2/3S,1S,and 4/3S（Shandong Agricultural University nutrient solution concentration of 1Sas the standard concentration）were applied.The effects of nutrient concentrations on growth indexes,dry matter accumulation and assimilation amounts of nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）,potassium（K）,calcium（Ca）and magnesium（Mg）were analyzed.【Result】The plant height,stem diameter anddry matter weight of tomato increased with the increase of nutrient solution concentration,while the ratio of root to shoot decreased.Nutrient uptakes of different organs increased in response to the increase of nutrient concentration.Ca and Mg assimilations in roots firstly increased and then decreased with the peak values at 1S.Using nutrient concentration as independent variable,nutrient absorption models of N,P,K,Ca and Mg by Logistic equation were established and the correlation coefficients were highly significant.Nutrient absorption ratio of N,P,K,Ca and Mg was 1∶（0.22-0.25）∶（0.80-0.87）∶（1.21-1.28）∶（0.31-0.34）.The nutrient use efficiencies decreased gradually with the increase of nutrient concentration with the highest in 1/3Sand lowest in 4/3S.【Conclusion】The concentrations of 1Sand 4/3Swere beneficial to the dry matter accumulation and nutrients assimilation of tomato at growing stage.

关 键 词：营养液浓度 番茄 营养生长期 干物质累积 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]