小麦宽苗带等深播种装置设计与试验研究  

Design and Experimental Study for Same Depth of Wheat Wide Planting Device

作　　者：程修沛 陈美舟 贾晓东[2] 李其昀[1] 徐文腾 

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255049 [2]山东建筑大学,济南250000

出　　处：《农机化研究》2017年第11期116-120,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：农业科技成果转化资金项目(2014-2017);山东省重点研发计划项目(2015GGX101003);山东省科技重大专项(2015 ZDZX10003);山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J11 LD23)

摘　　要：针对当前播种机仿形效果差、播种深度稳定性差影响播种质量等问题,采用机械执行部件优化与电气控制相互配合的方法,设计了小麦宽苗带等深播种装置。设计出等高位宽幅播种开沟器和刮土整备器,优化了开沟器与覆土器;通过PLC系统对地表的镇压轮垂直反力的监测,采用闭环控制实现播种深度的实时控制。并对装置进行试验,试验结果表明:理论播种深度为25、30、35mm时,实际播种深度均值为25.7、29.4、35.7mm,播深稳定性系数为92.6%、93.2%、90.8%,播种深度一致,满足了播深稳定性要求。Sowing depth is one of very important indicators in the agricultural seeding technology, especially the no-till planting and wide planting, and having aroused the attention of the experts. With the promoting of conversation tillage, ground surface have the straw mulching farmlands, which affect the seeding work. Sowing depth includes seed bed level consistent, maintain consistency of cover soil and strength consistency of compaction. Therefore, same depth for wheat wide planting device was designed, to improve the stability of seeding depth. In the design, method for the combination of mechanical component optimization and control system have been used, and the research focused on the same depth of furrow opening, soil leveling of cover device and PLC control system. In the article, the same depth of furrow opening in wide planting was adapted, which improved the traditional furrow opening defect, to made seed bed consistently. And soil leveling of cover device was also designed, which can be leveled soil and ensured uniform of cover soil. PLC control sys- tem have pressure test device that can monitoring the ground ups and downs for press wheel in real-time, and then deal with signal and transmit message. According to message, linear actuator can be elongated or shortened. Sowing control mechanism of equal depth connected with four-connecting-rod profiling mechanism, achieved control of seeding depth. In order to verified property of device, experiment had been done in the indoor that the theory of seeding depth were 25mm, 30mm and 35mm,the average seeding depth were 25.7mm,29.4mm,35.7mm in real situation, the stability of seeding depth were 92.6% ,93.2% ,90.8%. This research provides a new way for precision seeding and depth control system.

关 键 词：播种深度 播种 宽幅播种 小麦 宽苗带 

分 类 号：S223.22[农业科学—农业机械化工程]