内蒙古风蚀水蚀交错区土壤侵蚀的空间分布特征  

LANDFORM SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION FEATURES OF SOIL EROSION IN DONGLIU VALLEY OF INNER MONGOLIA

作　　者：张洋[1] 李占斌[1,2] 张翔[1] 牛雯[3] 汤珊珊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,西安710048 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌712100 [3]中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司,西安710075

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第6期50-58,共9页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)"黄河上游沙漠宽谷段风沙水沙过程及调控机理(2011CB403302);国家自然科学基金"黄土区退耕生态系统植被根系行为特征与土壤水资源响应冶(41271290)

摘　　要：为了研究风蚀水蚀交错区土壤侵蚀的地貌空间分布特征,选取内蒙古十大孔兑之一的东柳沟,利用地理信息系统和遥感技术,将流域土壤侵蚀强度空间分布数据与数字高程模型数据进行叠加,得到土壤侵蚀强度在坡度、坡向、起伏度、粗糙度等地貌因子上的分布特征。结果显示：东柳沟水土流失程度达77.54%,其中水力侵蚀占15.10%,风力侵蚀占62.44%）,且风力侵蚀以中度以为主。流域风蚀和水蚀产生的水土流失面积比例最大的坡度、起伏度、地表粗糙度并不是土壤侵蚀综合指数最大值出现的区域。坡度、起伏度、粗糙度与不同等级的水力侵蚀面积比例呈现单峰趋势;而与不同等级的风力侵蚀面积比例具有非常好的一致性且随坡度、起伏度和地表粗糙度的增大而减小。水力侵蚀面积随坡度的增大先增大后减小,峰值集中在〉3°~6°范围内,而风力侵蚀面积主要集中在6°以下的区域;水力侵蚀主要集中在东北与西南2个坡向,而风力侵蚀在各个坡向变化趋势一致且东北坡向比例最大;风力侵蚀受地表起伏度和粗糙度影响大于水力侵蚀且呈现线性负相关性。该研究可为风蚀水蚀交错区水土保持治理提供理论支持。In order to study the Landform spatial distribution features of soil erosion in water-wind erosion crisscross region,choose Dong Liu valley of ten tributaries of Yellow River in Inner-Mongolia,the GIS and RS technology was used to obtain the landform features in the respects of slope degree,slope direction,relief and surface roughnes of soil erosion distribution via overlap of the distribution map of soil erosion intensity in Dong Liu valley and the landform element maps extracted from the digital elevation model。The results showed that the degree of soil erosion in Dong Liu valley was 77.54%（including 15.1% water erosion,wind erosion of62.44%）,and wind erosion of middle is above 56.03%.Slope,relief and surface roughnes and different levels of water erosion area density showed a trend of unimodal,and with different diseased level of wind erosion area proportion has very good consistency,along with the slope,relief and surface roughnes decreases with the increase of wind erosion.Water erosion area increases firstly with the slope increasing and after that rapidly decreases,it reaches the peak around 6 °,and the wind erosion area mainly concentrated in the areas under 6 °。The water erosion of watersheds mainly concentrated in the northeast and southwest slope direction,and wind erosion in the slope to the change trend is more consistent and northeast slope to the maximum proportion; wind erosion is influenced by relief and surface coarseness than water erosion and present a linear negative correlation.

关 键 词：风蚀水蚀交错区 地理信息系统 土壤侵蚀 空间分布特征 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]