紫花苜蓿田杂草种类及危害调查  

SPECIES IDENTIFICATION AND DAMAGE INVESTIGATION OF WEEDS IN ALFALFA FIELD

作　　者：谭瑶[1] 刘嘉鑫 付丽媛[1] 高霞[1] 韩海斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]中国农业科学院草原研究所,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第6期59-64,共6页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古农业大学实验教学仪器设备研制与标本制作项目;国家自然科学基金(31560519)

摘　　要：本文采用Thomas倒置"W"多位点取样,及田间系统调查方法,调查得出呼和浩特市托克托县紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)田的杂草种类,经鉴定共有32种杂草分属11科,主要以菊科、藜科杂草为主,其次是禾本科、豆科杂草。在第一茬刈割后的主要杂草为草木犀(Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb)、猪毛菜(Salsola collina Pall.)、猪秧秧(Galium aparine L.)、雀麦(Bromus japonicus Thunb),在第二次刈割后的杂草主要为飞廉(Carduus crispus L.)、花花柴(Kareliniacaspia(Pall.)Less.)、猪毛菜(Salsola collina Pall.)、狗尾草(Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv)等。同时,调查了各类杂草的发生程度、生长特性、覆盖度、株高,计算了相对多度、危害率指标,旨在分析不同杂草对苜蓿的危害性,以期为紫花苜蓿科学生产管理、草情草害监测及杂草有效防治提供理论基础。Conducted by the method of Thomas invented W and systemic investigations in alfalfa fields at Tuoketuo county of Hohhot,we identified 32 species of weeds which belong to 11 families.The results showed that the most serious weeds were mainly from the family of Compositae,Chenopodiaceae,followed by Gramineae,Leguminosae.After the first harvest,the main weeds were Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb,Salsola collina Pall.,Galium aparine L.,Bromus japonicus Thunb,etc.,after the second mowing,the main weeds were Carduus crispus L.,Kareliniacaspia（Pall.） Less,Salsola collina Pall.,Setaria viridis（L.） Beauv.Meanwhile,hazard,growth characteristics,coverage,plant height were investigated,and relative abundance（RA）,hazard rate were calculated to analyze the harmfulness of weeds in alfalfa field,and our research would provide theoretical foundation for scientific management,effective monitor and control on alfalfa production.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 杂草种类 相对多度 危害率 

分 类 号：S451.23[农业科学—植物保护]