高比能锂硫电池功能电解质材料  

Functional electrolytes for high specific energy lithium sulfur batteries

作　　者：王丽莉[1] 叶玉胜[1] 钱骥[1] 李丽[1,2] 吴锋[1,2] 陈人杰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学材料学院,北京100081 [2]北京电动车辆协同创新中心,北京100081

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2017年第3期451-463,共13页Energy Storage Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0100204);国家自然科学基金项目(21373028)

摘　　要：锂硫电池具有能量密度高、单质硫来源广泛和环境友好等优势,是新型二次电池未来发展的方向之一。作为锂硫电池中的重要组成部分,功能电解质材料的物性特征与电池的整体性能密切相关。在当前电解质材料的研究中,还存在许多关键技术难题,如多硫化物溶解于锂硫电池电解质中所引起的穿梭效应,会导致锂硫电池库仑效率低、容量衰减快和自放电严重等问题。本文综述了面向锂硫电池应用的新型功能电解质材料的研究进展:(1)有机液体电解质中有机溶剂组分、锂盐和添加剂的优化改性对锂硫电池性能的影响;(2)离子液体电解质对多硫化物扩散的阻碍作用;(3)固态/半固态电解质对穿梭效应的抑制,并展望了锂硫电池用功能电解质材料的未来发展方向。Currently lithium sulfur （Li-S） batteries are recognized as the most promising novel secondary battery candidates due to their high energy density, abundant sulfur and environment benign. The functional electrolyte is a major component of Li-S batteries, which physical property characteristics are closely related to the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. Nevertheless, its development is restricted by some key technologies. The polysulfides dissolve into electrolytes and cause the consequent shuttle phenomenon, resulting in low coulombic efficiency, fast capacity fade and serious self-discharge of Li-S batteries. This paper reviews the recent research progress for these problems of the electrolytes for Li-S batteries. ① the modification and optimization of the solvent components, lithium salts and additives of the organic liquid electrolytes to improve the performance of Li-S batteries, ② the effect on polysulfides dissolution by ionic liquid electrolytes, and ③ the suppression of the shuttle effects by （semi-） solid-state electrolytes. Finally, the future research trends of the functional electrolytes for Li-S electrolytes are proposed.

关 键 词：锂硫电池 有机液体电解质 离子液体 固态电解质 半固态电解质 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]